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Subject: New article submission by SHEPHALI SACHAN for Sandarbh!
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2019 13:48:51 +0530
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Dear Sandarbh Team,

You have a new article submission on Eklavya's website.

Submission details are.......

Name: SHEPHALI SACHAN

Email: [email protected]

Subject: Ecology and Environment

Content/Article:

All in one: Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) Tree

Introduction 

The Karanja tree species belongs to the very famous Pea family (Fabaceae) is one of the richest and brightest tree of India. It is a fast-growing, medium-sized, evergreen or briefly deciduous and glabrous tree species, widely distributed in the Indian subcontinent, south-east Asia, Fiji, Myanmar, northern Australia, the East-African coast, southern China and the Seychelles Islands. In India, this tree is distributed throughout the country except for temperate regions and is considered to be native to western ghats. 

Karanja is famous for infolding multipurpose qualities. The species is valued for oil, dyestuff, wood, fuel, insect repellent, medicines and various other commodities. It is a good nitrogen-fixing tree species with a dense network of lateral roots which helps in controlling soil erosion and binding sand dunes. The tree is often planted in the homes as an ornamental tree, roadsides, along the stream and canal banks and in the areas suffering from problems like salinity, waterlogged, cold, drought, frost, heat, limestone, sand and shade.

Products

All parts of Pongamia pinnata are used to produce the variety of products.

Medicine - Different parts of the plant have been used as a medicine against various disease and disorders. The leaves are used to cure cold, cough, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, gonorrhoea, piles, wounds and other inflammations. Flowers are prescribed for glycosuria and a remedy for diabetes. The bark is used internally for bleeding piles, beriberi and diabetes and as an antimicrobial medicine. The seeds are used as a tonic and in bronchitis, whooping cough, itches and other skin diseases. Roots are utilized for cleaning gums, teeth and ulcers. 

Timber - The wood is used for cabinet making, cartwheels, posts, agricultural implements, tool handles and combs. The ash generated from burning wood is used for dyeing. 

Fodder - The leaves are used as fodder for cattle especially readily consumed by goats whereas de-oiled cakes are used as poultry and also as cattle feed.

Fuel - Karanja is commonly used as a fuel-wood. The seed oil is used as fuel for cooking and seed cake used for biogas production.

Fibre - The bark fibre is used for making string, twine or rope, and the wood provides paper pulp.

Tannin or dyestuff - Roots yield a natural pigment, pinnatin which is used as tannin. The wood ash is also employed in dying. The seed oil is often utilized for leather dressing in tanning industries.

Apiculture - Flowers are considered a good source of pollen for honeybees in India and they yield adequate nectar.

Oil - The nonedible, bitter in taste, and offensive in smell seed oil is used for lamp fuel and production of biodiesel. Furthermore, it is also used as a lubricant, water-paint binder, in leather dressing, soap-making, candles, and tanning industries. Crude Karanja oil (CKO) is used in making body oils, salves, lotions, hair tonics, shampoos, and pesticides. 

Poison: The press-cake, is used as a pesticide, especially against nematodes while dried leaves are stored with grain to repel insects. The pounded and roasted seeds are utilized as fish poison.

Services

Nitrogen fixing – The atmospheric nitrogen is naturally fixed in the roots of Karanja like Pea species which helps in maintaining the growth and development of species and also the soil fertility.

Soil improver - Incorporation of leaves, flowers and the press-cake into soils improves fertility and also  used by villagers on slopy uplands to bind the soil.

Erosion control – Karanja is a preferred species for controlled soil erosion and binding sand dunes because of its extensive network of lateral roots.

Reclamation - Karanja trees have been used for soil reclamation in the degraded or moderate salinity soil areas, around coal mines and reforestation of marginal land. 

Biodiesel – The seeds of Pongamia pinnata is a source of nonedible vegetable oil and used as an alternative liquid fuel against diesel and kerosene. 

Shade or shelter - The tree is commonly planted for shade in pastures. 

Ornamental - Karanja is often planted in homes as an ornamental tree and along roadsides, stream and canal banks. 









     

                    (a)                                          (b)                                          (c)



  

                                            (d)                                           (e)



Figure 1: Pongamia pinnata (a) Tree (b) Leaves (c) Flowers (d) Seeds with cover (e) Mature seeds after removal of cover











Sources – 

Orwa, C.,  Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, R. and Anthony, S. 2009. Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. World Agroforestry Centre, Kenya. 

Ghumare, P., Jirekar, D.B., Farooqui M. and Naikwade, S.D. 2014. A Review of Pongamia pinnata – An Important Medicinal Plant. Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 04 (02): 44-47.

Halder, P.K., Paul, N. and Beg, M.R.A. 2014. Prospect of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) in Bangladesh: A Sustainable Source of Liquid Fuel. Journal of Renewable Energy, 1-12.

Satyavati, G.V., Gupta, A.K. and Tandon, N. 1987. Medicinal Plants of India, Vol. 2. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi.













------------ end of content/article ----------

Web Admin
Eklavya, Bhopal


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<p>Dear Sandarbh Team,</p>
<p>You have a new article submission on Eklavya's website.</p>
<p>Submission details are.......</p>
<p>Name: <strong>SHEPHALI SACHAN</strong></p>
<p>Email: <strong>[email protected]</strong></p>
<p>Subject: <strong>Ecology and Environment</strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Content/Article:</span></strong></p>
<p>All in one: Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) Tree<br />
Introduction <br />
The Karanja tree species belongs to the very famous Pea family (Fabaceae) is one of the richest and brightest tree of India. It is a fast-growing, medium-sized, evergreen or briefly deciduous and glabrous tree species, widely distributed in the Indian subcontinent, south-east Asia, Fiji, Myanmar, northern Australia, the East-African coast, southern China and the Seychelles Islands. In India, this tree is distributed throughout the country except for temperate regions and is considered to be native to western ghats. <br />
Karanja is famous for infolding multipurpose qualities. The species is valued for oil, dyestuff, wood, fuel, insect repellent, medicines and various other commodities. It is a good nitrogen-fixing tree species with a dense network of lateral roots which helps in controlling soil erosion and binding sand dunes. The tree is often planted in the homes as an ornamental tree, roadsides, along the stream and canal banks and in the areas suffering from problems like salinity, waterlogged, cold, drought, frost, heat, limestone, sand and shade.<br />
Products<br />
All parts of Pongamia pinnata are used to produce the variety of products.<br />
Medicine - Different parts of the plant have been used as a medicine against various disease and disorders. The leaves are used to cure cold, cough, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, gonorrhoea, piles, wounds and other inflammations. Flowers are prescribed for glycosuria and a remedy for diabetes. The bark is used internally for bleeding piles, beriberi and diabetes and as an antimicrobial medicine. The seeds are used as a tonic and in bronchitis, whooping cough, itches and other skin diseases. Roots are utilized for cleaning gums, teeth and ulcers. <br />
Timber - The wood is used for cabinet making, cartwheels, posts, agricultural implements, tool handles and combs. The ash generated from burning wood is used for dyeing. <br />
Fodder - The leaves are used as fodder for cattle especially readily consumed by goats whereas de-oiled cakes are used as poultry and also as cattle feed.<br />
Fuel - Karanja is commonly used as a fuel-wood. The seed oil is used as fuel for cooking and seed cake used for biogas production.<br />
Fibre - The bark fibre is used for making string, twine or rope, and the wood provides paper pulp.<br />
Tannin or dyestuff - Roots yield a natural pigment, pinnatin which is used as tannin. The wood ash is also employed in dying. The seed oil is often utilized for leather dressing in tanning industries.<br />
Apiculture - Flowers are considered a good source of pollen for honeybees in India and they yield adequate nectar.<br />
Oil - The nonedible, bitter in taste, and offensive in smell seed oil is used for lamp fuel and production of biodiesel. Furthermore, it is also used as a lubricant, water-paint binder, in leather dressing, soap-making, candles, and tanning industries. Crude Karanja oil (CKO) is used in making body oils, salves, lotions, hair tonics, shampoos, and pesticides. <br />
Poison: The press-cake, is used as a pesticide, especially against nematodes while dried leaves are stored with grain to repel insects. The pounded and roasted seeds are utilized as fish poison.<br />
Services<br />
Nitrogen fixing – The atmospheric nitrogen is naturally fixed in the roots of Karanja like Pea species which helps in maintaining the growth and development of species and also the soil fertility.<br />
Soil improver - Incorporation of leaves, flowers and the press-cake into soils improves fertility and also  used by villagers on slopy uplands to bind the soil.<br />
Erosion control – Karanja is a preferred species for controlled soil erosion and binding sand dunes because of its extensive network of lateral roots.<br />
Reclamation - Karanja trees have been used for soil reclamation in the degraded or moderate salinity soil areas, around coal mines and reforestation of marginal land. <br />
Biodiesel – The seeds of Pongamia pinnata is a source of nonedible vegetable oil and used as an alternative liquid fuel against diesel and kerosene. <br />
Shade or shelter - The tree is commonly planted for shade in pastures. <br />
Ornamental - Karanja is often planted in homes as an ornamental tree and along roadsides, stream and canal banks. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
     <br />
                    (a)                                          (b)                                          (c)<br />
<br />
  <br />
                                            (d)                                           (e)<br />
<br />
Figure 1: Pongamia pinnata (a) Tree (b) Leaves (c) Flowers (d) Seeds with cover (e) Mature seeds after removal of cover<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Sources – <br />
Orwa, C.,  Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, R. and Anthony, S. 2009. Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. World Agroforestry Centre, Kenya. <br />
Ghumare, P., Jirekar, D.B., Farooqui M. and Naikwade, S.D. 2014. A Review of Pongamia pinnata – An Important Medicinal Plant. Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 04 (02): 44-47.<br />
Halder, P.K., Paul, N. and Beg, M.R.A. 2014. Prospect of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) in Bangladesh: A Sustainable Source of Liquid Fuel. Journal of Renewable Energy, 1-12.<br />
Satyavati, G.V., Gupta, A.K. and Tandon, N. 1987. Medicinal Plants of India, Vol. 2. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</p>
<p>------------ end of content/article ----------</p>
<p><strong>Web Admin</strong><br />Eklavya, Bhopal</p>



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