%PDF-1.2 %���� 12 0 obj << /Length 13 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 516 36 6 13.5 re h W n BT 516 39 TD (1) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.055 Tc 0.305 Tw (Eklavya Annual Report 2007) Tj 148.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0 Tc (8) Tj 6.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -159 -15 TD /F1 14.25 Tf 0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 177.75 -16.5 TD -0.0894 Tc 0.2769 Tw (Appendix 15) Tj 75.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj -170.25 -18 TD /F1 15.75 Tf 0.0774 Tc -0.0774 Tw (Sexuality Education For Young People) Tj 264.75 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj -132 -18.75 TD ( ) Tj -213 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0406 Tc 0.3218 Tw (\(This has since been published by Nirntar as \223) Tj 220.5 0 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.0613 Tc -0.0613 Tw (Yuvvavon ke Liye Younik Shiksha) Tj 171 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.248 Tc 0.248 Tw (\224 as the ) Tj -296.25 -14.25 TD -0.05 Tc 0.55 Tw (first volume in its \223Nirantar Shiksha Shrinkhala\224) Tj 234.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -321.75 -13.5 TD -0.0898 Tc 0.3041 Tw (Copies can be obtained from Nirantar, B ) Tj 197.25 0 TD -0.0242 Tc 0.1313 Tw (64, II Floor Sarvodaya Enclave, New Delhi, ) Tj -12.75 -14.25 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (110017) Tj 36 0 TD -0.246 Tc (\)) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -19.5 -17.25 TD /F1 15.75 Tf -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj -216 -15 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.057 Tc 0.3248 Tw (This document seeks to address the urgent issue of sexuality education for young people. ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0206 Tc 0.0783 Tw (It shares the perspectives and recommendations of representatives of a range of players ) Tj T* -0.147 Tc 0.597 Tw (who are invested in the iss) Tj 126.75 0 TD -0.0531 Tc 0.2031 Tw (ue of sexuality education for young people. The publication ) Tj -126.75 -14.25 TD -0.0553 Tc 0.0553 Tw (has been planned and co) Tj 116.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0098 Tc 0.084 Tw (ordinated by Nirantar and is based on contributions by) Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -382.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0341 Tc 0.1591 Tw (Akhil Katyal \(Nigah a queer media collective\),) Tj 225.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -225.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0625 Tc 0.0625 Tw (Anu Gupta \(Eklavya, ) Tj 105 0 TD -0.0229 Tc 0.1729 Tw (Institute of Educational Research and Innovativ) Tj 228.75 0 TD -0.186 Tc 0.936 Tw (e Action\)) Tj 45.75 0 TD 1 0 0 rg 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -379.5 -14.25 TD 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1047 Tc 0.8547 Tw (Anuja Gupta \() Tj 68.25 0 TD -0.0326 Tc 0.1826 Tw (RAHI Foundation, a support centre for women survivors of incest/child ) Tj -68.25 -14.25 TD 0.0225 Tc -0.0225 Tw (sexual abuse\)) Tj 65.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -65.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0089 Tc 0.1161 Tw (Arpita Das \(Tarshi, resource centre for sexual rights\)) Tj 254.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -254.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0764 Tc 0.4514 Tw (Arti Malik \(Lawyers collective, hiv aids unit\)) Tj 218.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -218.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0031 Tc 0.2469 Tw (Chaitanya lakkimsetti \(independent research) Tj 213 0 TD -0.0405 Tc 0.2905 Tw (er on issues of sexuality and gender\),) Tj 179.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -392.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0791 Tc 0.4541 Tw (CHETNA \(a gender and health resource group\)) Tj 228 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -228 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1091 Tc 0.3091 Tw (Deepti Mehrotra \( lecturer, Delhi University\)) Tj 246.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -246.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0844 Tc 0.4344 Tw (Jashodhara Das Gupta \(Youth for Change, a forum for advocacy on sexual rights and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0705 Tc 0.0705 Tw (health rights, Sahyog\)) Tj 105.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -105.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0591 Tc (Nandini) Tj 38.25 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0272 Tc 0.1772 Tw (Manjrekar \(Tata Institute of Social Sciences\),) Tj 219 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -260.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0196 Tc 0.1267 Tw (Paromita Chakravarty \(Women\222s Studies Department, Jadavpur University\), ) Tj 370.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -370.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1044 Tc 0.1485 Tw (Prateek Suman \( \),) Tj 131.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -131.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.075 Tc 0.5125 Tw (Rajarshi Chakravarty \(Swikriti, a support group for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0703 Tc 0.0703 Tw (people, ) Tj 37.5 0 TD -0.0335 Tc 0.0335 Tw (West Bengal\),) Tj 69 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -106.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 13 0 obj 4508 endobj 4 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F2 10 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 12 0 R >> endobj 15 0 obj << /Length 16 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 516 36 6 13.5 re h W n BT 516 39 TD (2) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.0347 Tc 0.1097 Tw (Renu Adhlakha \(Centre for Women\222s Development Studies, a feminist research ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0703 Tc 0 Tw (organization\),) Tj 66.75 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -66.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1997 Tc 0.3069 Tw (YUVA \( \),) Tj 66.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -66.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0459 Tc 0.2334 Tw (Vidya Reddy \(Tulir, an NGO working on issues of child sexual abuse\), ) Tj 345 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -309 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj -36 -14.25 TD -0.0313 Tc 0.3126 Tw (The publication also draws upon presentations and discussions h) Tj 309.75 0 TD 0 Tc -0 Tw (eld during the National ) Tj -309.75 -13.5 TD -0.0417 Tc 0.2463 Tw (Consultation on Sexuality Education for Young People organized by Nirantar in ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.05 Tc 0.2166 Tw (December 2008. The participants at the Consultation were ) Tj 285.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -249.75 -13.5 TD -0.0297 Tc 0.1547 Tw (Akhil Katyal, Nigah Media Collective, New Delhi) Tj 242.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -242.25 -13.5 TD -0.0112 Tc 0.1987 Tw (Alka, Sahaj Shishu Milap, Gujarat) Tj 165.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -165.75 -14.25 TD -0.1658 Tc 0.1658 Tw (Anu Gupta, Ek) Tj 72 0 TD 0.0496 Tc -0.0496 Tw (lavya, Madhya Pradesh) Tj 112.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -184.5 -13.5 TD -0.0655 Tc 0.3655 Tw (Anuja Gupta, RAHI Foundation, New Delhi) Tj 213 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -213 -14.25 TD -0.042 Tc 0.2295 Tw (Arpita Das, Tarshi, New Delhi) Tj 147 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -147 -13.5 TD -0.0547 Tc 0.3547 Tw (Arti Malik, Lawyers Collective, New Delhi) Tj 209.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -209.25 -13.5 TD 0.015 Tc 0.735 Tw (Aryakrishnan Ramakrishnan) Tj 137.25 0 TD 0.013 Tc -0.013 Tw (, Casim ) Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -177.75 -14.25 TD -0.1665 Tc (Chaitnya) Tj 43.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -43.5 -13.5 TD -0.0372 Tc 0.0372 Tw (Chandni Malik, Population Foundation,) Tj 191.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -191.25 -14.25 TD -0.0473 Tc 0.2973 Tw (Debjani Ghosh, Youth Alliance) Tj 152.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -152.25 -13.5 TD -0.0647 Tc 0.0647 Tw (Deepti P. M) Tj 57.75 0 TD 0.019 Tc 0.356 Tw (ehrotra, Delhi University) Tj 120.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -178.5 -13.5 TD -0.0219 Tc 0.0219 Tw (Dinesh, Sahaj Shishu Milap) Tj 134.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -134.25 -14.25 TD -0.0454 Tc 0.1954 Tw (Divya Jain, Bodh Shiksha Samiti, Jaipur,) Tj 197.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -197.25 -13.5 TD -0.0695 Tc 0.4445 Tw (Gunjan Sharma, TARSHI) Tj 124.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -124.5 -14.25 TD -0.1644 Tc 0.9144 Tw (Irfan Ahmed) Tj 61.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -61.5 -13.5 TD 0.0108 Tc 0.3642 Tw (Jashodhara Dasgupta, Sahayog) Tj 149.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -149.25 -13.5 TD -0.1119 Tc 0.1119 Tw (Jaya Srivastava) Tj 74.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -74.25 -14.25 TD -0.0559 Tc 0.0559 Tw (Nandini Manjrekar) Tj 91.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -91.5 -13.5 TD -0.0826 Tc -0.2924 Tw (Nivedita Menon ) Tj 81 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -81 -14.25 TD 0.0046 Tc 0.1454 Tw (Paromita Chakravarty, Jadavpur University, West B) Tj 249.75 0 TD 0.2016 Tc 0 Tw (engal) Tj 27 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -276.75 -13.5 TD 0.0123 Tc -0.0123 Tw (Poushali Majumdar, CINI) Tj 125.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -125.25 -13.5 TD -0.0404 Tc 0.2904 Tw (Rajarshi Chakravarty, Dum Dum Swikriti Society, Kolkata) Tj 284.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -284.25 -14.25 TD -0.1063 Tc 0.4813 Tw (Ritu Vyas, Dewas) Tj 87 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -87 -13.5 TD 0.0049 Tc -0.0049 Tw (Sunita Kujur, CREA) Tj 99.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -99.75 -14.25 TD -0.0963 Tc 0.2838 Tw (Tapas Kr. Dey, West Bengal,) Tj 141 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -141 -13.5 TD -0.0508 Tc 0.5508 Tw (Treesa Joseph, YUVA, Mumbai) Tj 155.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -155.25 -13.5 TD 0.0433 Tc -0.0433 Tw (Uma Chakravarty) Tj 85.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -85.5 -14.25 TD -0.0378 Tc 0.5378 Tw (Vidya Reddy, Tulir, Chennai) Tj 139.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -139.5 -13.5 TD -0.0738 Tc 0.0738 Tw (Vijay Kumar) Tj 63 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -99 -14.25 TD /F1 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 16 0 obj 4251 endobj 14 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 15 0 R >> endobj 18 0 obj << /Length 19 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 516 36 6 13.5 re h W n BT 516 39 TD (3) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD /F1 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.042 Tc 0.417 Tw (SECTION 1: INTRODU) Tj 126.75 0 TD -0.2172 Tc 0 Tw (CTION) Tj 39 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -165.75 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0036 Tc 0.9301 Tw (Should sexuality be a part of education for young people? What are the views of those ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0389 Tc 1.5147 Tw (who oppose the inclusion of sexuality in the curriculum? What are the arguments put ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0606 Tc 2.599 Tw (forward by those who believe that sexuality must form a part of the curriculum) Tj 408 0 TD 0.06 Tc 1.44 Tw (? If ) Tj -408 -13.5 TD -0.117 Tc 1.7576 Tw (sexuality were to be integrated in the curriculum what should its nature be? What else ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0858 Tc 0.4608 Tw (would need to change in the education system in order for sexuality to be addressed?) Tj 407.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -407.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0321 Tc 1.6475 Tw (Of all these questions only one that has been adequately addressed in the pu) Tj 381.75 0 TD 0.0473 Tc 1.0777 Tw (blic realm ) Tj -381.75 -13.5 TD -0.0878 Tc 0.9315 Tw (thus far. We have only heard the voices of those who oppose sex education, particularly ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0036 Tc 0.8535 Tw (in the context of the ban on school) Tj 170.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0633 Tc 1.0383 Tw (based sex education enforced in 12 states in India in ) Tj -174.75 -14.25 TD -0.0569 Tc 1.5569 Tw (2007. This document seeks to address the remaining urgent issues ) Tj 337.5 0 TD -0.0317 Tc 1.2817 Tw (related to sexuality ) Tj -337.5 -13.5 TD 0.0125 Tc 0.925 Tw (education. It shares the perspectives and recommendations of representatives of a range ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0173 Tc 0.2916 Tw (of players who are invested in the issue of sexuality education for young people. We are ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1035 Tc 2.6868 Tw (members of NGOs that work with young people, youth forums) Tj 320.25 0 TD -0.0167 Tc 1.8167 Tw (, NGOs who work on ) Tj -320.25 -13.5 TD -0.0275 Tc 7.1942 Tw (issues of child sexual abuse, women\222s groups, women\222s studies departments,) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0623 Tc 0.8748 Tw (educationists, academics, researchers, ngos and activist groups working for sexual rights ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0591 Tc 3.1273 Tw (including the rights of those marginalized on the basis of sexual orien) Tj 363 0 TD -0.0568 Tc 2.3068 Tw (tation, gender ) Tj -363 -14.25 TD -0.0584 Tc 0.2084 Tw (transgression and disability. ) Tj 143.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -143.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0377 Tc 3.2685 Tw (We believe that sexuality education is a right that young people cannot be denied.) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1133 Tc 1.0977 Tw (Sexuality is a part of all our lives. If education is about critically understanding our lived ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0658 Tc 1.3158 Tw (realities then sexuality nec) Tj 130.5 0 TD 0.025 Tc 0.875 Tw (essarily has to be a part of education. Sexuality encompasses ) Tj -130.5 -14.25 TD -0.0274 Tc 0.2774 Tw (biological, psychological and social dimensions. The term 'sex education' therefore needs ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0671 Tc 0.5671 Tw (to be dropped ) Tj 70.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\227) Tj 12 0 TD ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.083 Tc 1.083 Tw (not in order to call it something that doesn't mention the letters \221s\222) Tj 324 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.19 Tc (\221e\222) Tj 12.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj -427.5 -13.5 TD -0.1902 Tc 2.0652 Tw (\221x\222 \(i.e. no) Tj 53.25 0 TD -0.0973 Tc 1.9254 Tw (t to shy away from talking about sex\) but to reflect the range of issues that ) Tj -53.25 -14.25 TD -0.0861 Tc 4.0861 Tw (education for young people should ideally encompass. It is also necessary, while) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0326 Tc 0.1281 Tw (outlining the contours of how we perceive sexuality education, to address the question of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0672 Tc 0.8172 Tw (whom t) Tj 36.75 0 TD -0.0936 Tc 0.8436 Tw (his sexuality education should be for. There is the question of age. The question ) Tj -36.75 -13.5 TD 0.025 Tc 0.2477 Tw (we feel should be not \221how old a child needs to be\222 but as is the case with other areas of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0586 Tc 0.9816 Tw (learning, how to ensure that the content and pedagogy is appropriate for the spe) Tj 390 0 TD 0.0369 Tc 0.3381 Tw (ctrum of ) Tj -390 -14.25 TD -0.0143 Tc 0.8797 Tw (ages from childhood through to adolescence. Whatever be our reluctance and anxieties, ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1074 Tc 1.7949 Tw (the reality of child sexual abuse, if nothing else, should warn us against waiting for an ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0853 Tc 1.6924 Tw (age that we consider to be \221old enough\222. The question of which young ) Tj 362.25 0 TD -0.0578 Tc 1.5578 Tw (people we are ) Tj -362.25 -13.5 TD -0.1128 Tc 1.1275 Tw (talking about also needs to recognize that it is not only school going children that have a ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0154 Tc 0.9654 Tw (right to sexuality education. Creative strategies need to be formulated in order to reach ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1385 Tc 1.1612 Tw (out to those young people who have not had the opportunity ) Tj 297.75 0 TD -0.154 Tc 1.3326 Tw (to go to school or have had ) Tj -297.75 -13.5 TD 0.0102 Tc 62.9898 Tw (to discontinue their school education.) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 450.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -450.75 -14.25 TD -0.0987 Tc 1.1299 Tw (Therefore in this document when we speak of education, we are not limiting it to school ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0047 Tc 0.2766 Tw (education. Similarly when we speak of educators we include in the term teachers as well ) Tj T* 0.1836 Tc 0.5664 Tw (as oth) Tj 28.5 0 TD -0.0385 Tc 0.8421 Tw (ers who will perform the role of transacting sexuality education with out of school ) Tj -28.5 -14.25 TD -0.0812 Tc 1.1841 Tw (children. The question of \221who\222 would remain incomplete if we were not to include in ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0016 Tc 2.3922 Tw (its ambit educators. We know that adults are also socialized in ways that demand ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.498 Tc 0 Tw (si) Tj 8.25 0 TD -0.0567 Tc 1.1281 Tw (gnificant unlearning and learning in order to be prepared to engage with young people ) Tj -8.25 -13.5 TD -0.0666 Tc 1.0041 Tw (on issues of sexuality. Feelings of shame, inadequate or wrong information, the fear of ) Tj ET endstream endobj 19 0 obj 6567 endobj 17 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 18 0 R >> endobj 21 0 obj << /Length 22 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 516 36 6 13.5 re h W n BT 516 39 TD (4) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.0633 Tc 0.4383 Tw (jeopardizing the \221student teacher\222 or \221adult child\222 relationship, biases and the) Tj 369 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0753 Tc 0.5753 Tw (lack of tools ) Tj -372.75 -13.5 TD -0.0596 Tc 0.3096 Tw (and frameworks with which to understand issues of sexuality ) Tj 296.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.75 0 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0018 Tc 0.3018 Tw (are all aspects that require ) Tj -306 -14.25 TD -0.0489 Tc 0.3489 Tw (serious attention if educators are to effectively transact sexuality education. ) Tj 365.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -365.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0604 Tc 0.4695 Tw (The context in which the need for sexuality education is being artic) Tj 325.5 0 TD -0.0597 Tc 0.5097 Tw (ulated is one in which ) Tj -325.5 -13.5 TD -0.1102 Tc 1.7602 Tw (sexuality is tends to be associated with shame, even more acutely so in more educated, ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.085 Tc 4.1475 Tw (urban locations. Sexuality education would need to help young people feel more) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0019 Tc 0.2269 Tw (comfortable with their bodies, to convey for example, the message ) Tj 325.5 0 TD 0.0406 Tc 0.1469 Tw (that their private parts ) Tj -325.5 -13.5 TD -0.0337 Tc 1.0087 Tw (are as natural as any other body part, and nothing to be ashamed of. There is a need to ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0619 Tc 4.6244 Tw (help young people to feel positive and empowered about their bodies and about) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0061 Tc 3.3689 Tw (themselves. It is only when shame and fear are addressed that t) Tj 343.5 0 TD -0.018 Tc 2.643 Tw (hey can begin to ) Tj -343.5 -13.5 TD 0.0104 Tc 0.9896 Tw (recognize clearly violations against their will, to begin to feel confident to saying no to ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0461 Tc 0.4211 Tw (sexual activity that they do not want, including sexual abuse. Countering shame becomes ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1874 Tc 1.2783 Tw (all the more important in a context in which shame is used) Tj 283.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0896 Tc 1.1396 Tw (to intimidate and control girls ) Tj -287.25 -14.25 TD -0.0754 Tc 1.1171 Tw (and young women, as a tool to get they to follow social norms that are considered to be ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1467 Tc 0.8967 Tw (appropriate for them ) Tj 102.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0569 Tc 0.9223 Tw (i.e. rules that are meant to keep them in a subordinate position in ) Tj -113.25 -13.5 TD -0.1245 Tc 0.1245 Tw (society. ) Tj 42.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -42.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0891 Tc 3.2141 Tw (The context is also one in which) Tj 170.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 6.75 0 TD -0.0802 Tc 2.8302 Tw (young people are sexually active. Given that the ) Tj -177 -14.25 TD -0.1135 Tc 1.1723 Tw (population is largely rural, and that early marriage is the norm in most of rural India, we ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1037 Tc 2.6537 Tw (don\222t need to look far for evidence. There are numerous studies that show that even ) Tj T* -0.162 Tc 1.287 Tw (outside of early marriage, yo) Tj 140.25 0 TD -0.0774 Tc 0.8274 Tw (ung people do engage in sexual activity, whether consentual ) Tj -140.25 -14.25 TD -0.1385 Tc 1.8528 Tw (or non consentual. This is a reality that needs to be kept in mind when it is said that ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0705 Tc 2.6419 Tw (including issues of sex and sexuality in the curriculum will \221lead to\222 sexual activity. ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0648 Tc 0.8148 Tw (There is moreover ) Tj 91.5 0 TD 0.0086 Tc 0.2914 Tw (sufficient evidence internationally to show that the introduction of sex ) Tj -91.5 -13.5 TD -0.0069 Tc 1.8069 Tw (education in schools does not increase sexual activity, in fact there is evidence to the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0705 Tc 1.1705 Tw (contrary. By introducing sexual education the hope is that coercive sexual activity will ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.039 Tc 0.039 Tw (be ) Tj 14.25 0 TD -0.0303 Tc 0.3188 Tw (addressed as will issues of safety, protection from disease and unwanted pregnancy \(in ) Tj -14.25 -13.5 TD -0.0386 Tc 0.1886 Tw (the context of heterosexual sexual activity\).) Tj 209.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -209.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0034 Tc 2.2466 Tw (Sexuality education would also mean creating safe spaces to ask questions and raise ) Tj T* -0.0823 Tc 1.1537 Tw (concerns. The context in which to loc) Tj 188.25 0 TD -0.0824 Tc 1.2491 Tw (ate young people\222s need for information is one in ) Tj -188.25 -14.25 TD -0.1018 Tc 2.5825 Tw (which parents feel uncomfortable or consider it inappropriate to talk to young people ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0427 Tc 4.8312 Tw (about sexuality. It is friends and popular culture, and in more urban contexts,) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0842 Tc 2.4842 Tw (pornography, which are sources of infor) Tj 202.5 0 TD -0.1209 Tc 2.3709 Tw (mation. These sources might not be able to ) Tj -202.5 -13.5 TD -0.0021 Tc 1.0735 Tw (provide accurate information. They are not designed to convey ideas about gender and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0077 Tc 0.3011 Tw (sexual behaviour that are rooted in justice and equity. If we grant that young people also ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0947 Tc 1.1447 Tw (have a right to information, incl) Tj 154.5 0 TD -0.0642 Tc 1.0017 Tw (uding accurate information about sexuality, from a rights ) Tj -154.5 -13.5 TD -0.0473 Tc 0.2519 Tw (based perspective, then education must ensure a fulfillment of that right. ) Tj 350.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -350.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0674 Tc 1.1174 Tw (The efforts that have been made thus far to create such learning opportunities for young ) Tj T* -0.0202 Tc 1.0702 Tw (people have been ridden with pro) Tj 165 0 TD -0.0081 Tc 0.9831 Tw (blems. While the debate, in particular around the ban ) Tj -165 -14.25 TD -0.112 Tc 1.1267 Tw (on sex education in several states in the country, has focused on how the material and in ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0419 Tc 0.5576 Tw (particular the visuals are \221too explicit\222, there are in fact several critiques that have not yet ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1118 Tc 2.6118 Tw (been made. Th) Tj 79.5 0 TD -0.1151 Tc 2.6378 Tw (e most worrying aspect of the existing material, including the banned ) Tj -79.5 -13.5 TD -0.0617 Tc 1.0617 Tw (material, is that the approach is one which is dominated by the narrowly defined agenda ) Tj ET endstream endobj 22 0 obj 6605 endobj 20 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 21 0 R >> endobj 24 0 obj << /Length 25 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 516 36 6 13.5 re h W n BT 516 39 TD (5) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.0709 Tc 2.4209 Tw (of HIV AIDs prevention. The content and the approach then get determined by this ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.056 Tc 0.056 Tw (instrumentalist ) Tj 73.5 0 TD -0.0334 Tc 0.0334 Tw (agenda. ) Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -114 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1008 Tc 0.9832 Tw (Adolescence education or life skills education as it is sometimes still referred to, is also ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.098 Tc 4.1159 Tw (extremely worrying because of the ways in which it seeks to define who a good) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1162 Tc 2.4816 Tw (child/adolescent is. The good child is clearly one who is disciplined, ) Tj 363 0 TD -0.0824 Tc 2.0824 Tw (who learns to ) Tj -363 -13.5 TD -0.0441 Tc 0.3254 Tw (accept what in life cannot be changed, who exercises control in all aspects of life, ranging ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0871 Tc 2.1764 Tw (from not reading interesting books before going to sleep, to controlling sexual desire. ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0895 Tc 1.2145 Tw (That the material is meant to address life skills allows the) Tj 283.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0456 Tc 1.0956 Tw (it ofcourse to determine what ) Tj -288 -14.25 TD -0 Tc 0.221 Tw (life skills are to be developed and to what end. Rather than equipping young people with ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0283 Tc 0.9092 Tw (the ability to analyze, to recognize their own rights and respect the rights of others, the ) Tj T* -0.1333 Tc 2.7048 Tw (material seek to moralize about what is rig) Tj 217.5 0 TD -0.1231 Tc 2.4564 Tw (ht and what is wrong. Such material also ) Tj -217.5 -14.25 TD -0.1135 Tc 1.7801 Tw (creates a range of ideas of what is normal and natural. The body is almost always the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0434 Tc 0.3247 Tw (able body, sexual desires are not just assumed but asserted as being for \221the opposite sex\222, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0387 Tc 1.9113 Tw (and boys are necessarily assumed t) Tj 176.25 0 TD 0.0072 Tc 1.7178 Tw (o think of themselves are being male and girls are ) Tj -176.25 -13.5 TD -0.0763 Tc 1.118 Tw (assumed to think of themselves as females. In terms of how gender as a whole tends to ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0284 Tc 1.0596 Tw (be addressed is one in which while the material speaks of women achievers or the need ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1091 Tc 3.4841 Tw (for mutual respect, young people) Tj 168.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 6 0 TD -0.1408 Tc 3.3074 Tw (are not helped to understand the nature of gender ) Tj -174.75 -13.5 TD -0.0951 Tc 0.2451 Tw (inequity and the reasons underlying it. ) Tj 213.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -213.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0235 Tc 0.345 Tw (Despite the immense problems with the existing materials, clearly banning is no solution. ) Tj T* -0.1421 Tc 1.0652 Tw (It is dangerous to be trapped in either calling for a ban or co) Tj 292.5 0 TD -0.1007 Tc 0.9757 Tw (ndoning the material. What ) Tj -292.5 -14.25 TD 0.0075 Tc 0.3425 Tw (is needed is clear articulation of the vision and perspective of sexuality education. There ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0531 Tc 1.0678 Tw (is an urgent need to develop an approach which has its centre the needs and interests of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0038 Tc 1.7181 Tw (young people. Sexuality education needs to b) Tj 231 0 TD -0.0773 Tc 1.8585 Tw (e matter of fact, non moralistic and non ) Tj -231 -13.5 TD -0.0592 Tc 2.3628 Tw (judgemental. The vision has to be one of justice and equity which entails addressing ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0396 Tc 0.2271 Tw (dimensions of gender, disability and sexual orientation. ) Tj 272.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -272.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0152 Tc 2.4697 Tw (Through this document we analyse some of the limitations of existing a) Tj 367.5 0 TD 0.0245 Tc 1.4755 Tw (pproach, and ) Tj -367.5 -14.25 TD -0.0458 Tc 1.7503 Tw (propose recommendations for how sexuality education can become more responsive to ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0987 Tc 0.4396 Tw (the needs and lived realities of young people in India. ) Tj 263.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -263.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.101 Tc 1.0878 Tw (Perhaps the task is not as daunting as it seems. At least with respect to gender, we have ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0707 Tc 0.0707 Tw (reached a p) Tj 54.75 0 TD -0.0185 Tc 0.2685 Tw (lace wherein the education system has accepted the significance of gender and ) Tj -54.75 -14.25 TD -0.059 Tc 0.9244 Tw (certain efforts have been made and the process of critiquing and constructively engaging ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.002 Tc 5.5929 Tw (with those critiques is also underway. Recognizing and establishing the inter) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0852 Tc 0 Tw (connectedn) Tj 54 0 TD -0.053 Tc 0.303 Tw (ess of gender and sexuality would perhaps be an important starting point. ) Tj 354.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -408.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0938 Tc 0.0938 Tw (Section 2) Tj 45 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -45 -13.5 TD -0.072 Tc 0.072 Tw (Context ) Tj 41.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -41.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0336 Tc 0.3148 Tw (From population to adolescence education: A brief genealogical tour) Tj 350.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -353.25 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 25 0 obj 5448 endobj 23 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 24 0 R >> endobj 27 0 obj << /Length 28 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 516 36 6 13.5 re h W n BT 516 39 TD (6) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.0268 Tc 0.1675 Tw (Youth sexuality as an issue to be addressed as part of the school curriculum is a relati) Tj 409.5 0 TD -0.1035 Tc -0.6465 Tw (vely ) Tj -409.5 -13.5 TD -0.1021 Tc 0.3938 Tw (new theme in policy discourse in India. The form that it has now taken, that of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0419 Tc 0.1783 Tw (adolescence education, has historically emerged out of population policy discourses in ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0656 Tc 0.4406 Tw (India. The launching of the family planning programme in 1952, the first of its ki) Tj 390 0 TD -0.2143 Tc 0.4643 Tw (nd in the ) Tj -390 -14.25 TD -0.0226 Tc 0.1726 Tw (world, and the development of a population discourse in the post) Tj 310.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.1635 Tc 0.5385 Tw (war years ) Tj 48.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.1364 Tc 0.1364 Tw (primarily in ) Tj -371.25 -13.5 TD -0.15 Tc 0.15 Tw (the US ) Tj 35.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0598 Tc 0.3277 Tw (saw a wide range of private and public institutions deliberating on the need to ) Tj -42.75 -13.5 TD -0.0565 Tc 0.5565 Tw (intervene in what was seen as economically unviable population grow) Tj 336 0 TD -0.0986 Tc 0.4736 Tw (th in the countries ) Tj -336 -14.25 TD -0.0892 Tc 0.4421 Tw (of the Third World. By the mid 1960s, under pressure from these agencies and as a result ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0573 Tc 0.3073 Tw (of internal economic crisis, the Indian government decided to intensify population control ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0219 Tc 0.1156 Tw (measures. In 1969, a national seminar on Population Educ) Tj 279 0 TD -0.0542 Tc 0.0542 Tw (ation was jointly organised by ) Tj -279 -13.5 TD -0.0519 Tc 0.2662 Tw (the Ministry of Education and Culture and the newly established Ministry of Health and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0663 Tc 0.3163 Tw (Family Planning. The seminar evolved a national consensus in favour of introducing ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0726 Tc 0.5726 Tw (population education in the country\222s education system.) Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0658 Tc 0.3658 Tw (In 1970 the Indian government ) Tj -270.75 -13.5 TD -0.0511 Tc 0.3011 Tw (decided to introduce a population education programme in order to increase awareness ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0475 Tc 0.3202 Tw (about India\222s population \221problem\222. The explicit aims of population education underlined ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0906 Tc 0.4239 Tw (its need as a means to control rapid population gro) Tj 242.25 0 TD -0.0634 Tc 0.3134 Tw (wth and transmitting the message of ) Tj -242.25 -13.5 TD -0.1096 Tc 0.4846 Tw (the small family norm. ) Tj 112.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -112.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0661 Tc 0.4122 Tw (Population Education was thus positioned as the ideological arm of the national family ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.025 Tc 0.175 Tw (planning programme. The National Population Policy of 1975 explicitly recommended ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.054 Tc 0.304 Tw (the introduction of popula) Tj 124.5 0 TD -0.0982 Tc 0.6232 Tw (tion \221values\222 into the educational system. These were meant to ) Tj -124.5 -13.5 TD -0.1048 Tc 0.546 Tw (inculcate in the student the national value of the small family norm and link it up directly ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0769 Tc 0.4519 Tw (to national developmental goals which were jeopardised by high population growth. In ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1343 Tc 0.1343 Tw (April 1980, the) Tj 72 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0417 Tc 0.4167 Tw (National Population Education Project was launched. Other national ) Tj -75 -14.25 TD -0.0512 Tc 0.2512 Tw (policies of this period echoed this stand, even the National Policy on Education 1986, a ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0932 Tc 0.5218 Tw (much celebrated document that for the first time in independent India spoke of the ) Tj T* -0.1716 Tc 0.9216 Tw (explicit interve) Tj 72 0 TD -0.0472 Tc 0.2972 Tw (ntions needed to promote women's education. These policies included ) Tj -72 -14.25 TD -0.0528 Tc 0.2528 Tw (population stabilisation and the promotion of the small family norm as one of the core ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0056 Tc -0.0056 Tw (objectives of school education. Post) Tj 171.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0644 Tc 0.3456 Tw (1986 textbooks focused on family size and family ) Tj -176.25 -14.25 TD -0.0926 Tc 0.0926 Tw (welfare, delaye) Tj 72.75 0 TD -0.0428 Tc 0.2678 Tw (d marriage and responsible parenthood. The ubiquitous message of the ) Tj -72.75 -13.5 TD -0.0606 Tc 0.3285 Tw (small family norm, the overarching ideology of population being the root cause of India\222s ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0523 Tc 0.3407 Tw (underdevelopment, and alleged role of the illiterate, largely rural, poor in contributing to ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.138 Tc 0.138 Tw (the ) Tj 18 0 TD -0.0533 Tc 0.3033 Tw (nation\222s underdevelopment through sexual profligacy are messages that all of us are ) Tj -18 -13.5 TD -0.0385 Tc 0.243 Tw (familiar from our school textbooks. Through images of dereliction, despair and self) Tj 399 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -399 -14.25 TD -0.059 Tc 0.434 Tw (inflicted economic immiseration of large families, population education in schools self) Tj 415.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -415.5 -13.5 TD -0.0075 Tc 0.1146 Tw (consciously promoted a developmental orthodoxy that privileged \221over) Tj 340.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0647 Tc 0.0647 Tw (population\222 as a ) Tj -345 -13.5 TD -0.0197 Tc 0.0878 Tw (root cause of social and economic backwardness, transforming popular attitudes and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0754 Tc 0.3969 Tw (perceptions towards the small family norm. By the mid 90s, the gendered and classed ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.112 Tc 0 Tw (ide) Tj 14.25 0 TD -0.0407 Tc 0.2138 Tw (ologies of population and development had come to be embedded as a hegemonic ) Tj -14.25 -14.25 TD -0.0453 Tc 0.2953 Tw (ideology in textbooks across the country, and all major educational establishments were ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0647 Tc 0.4109 Tw (involved in the integration of population education in the curricula, in service and pre) Tj 410.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -410.25 -13.5 TD -0.123 Tc (se) Tj 9.75 0 TD -0.0697 Tc 0.4447 Tw (rvice teacher training.) Tj 105 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -114.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD ( ) Tj -3 -13.5 TD -0.0649 Tc 0.3327 Tw (The ICPD in 1994 marks a shift in discourse from population and the demographically ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0235 Tc 0.086 Tw (charged ideology of school population education to the explicit targeting of the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0532 Tc 0.4282 Tw (adolescent age group. The larger paradigm shift in health and dev) Tj 314.25 0 TD 0.0251 Tc -0.2751 Tw (elopment policy saw ) Tj ET endstream endobj 28 0 obj 6948 endobj 26 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 27 0 R >> endobj 31 0 obj << /Length 32 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 516 36 6 13.5 re h W n BT 516 39 TD (7) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.0487 Tc 0.2794 Tw (within education the shift from a focus on population and development to Adolescent ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.037 Tc 0.1442 Tw (Sexual and Reproductive Health \(ARSH\). At a seminar in 1993 at the NCERT, the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0493 Tc 0.1993 Tw (nomenclature of the programme was decided) Tj 215.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\227) Tj 12.75 0 TD 0.0048 Tc -0.0048 Tw (\221adolescence education\222, which w) Tj 162 0 TD 0.03 Tc -0.405 Tw (as seen ) Tj -390 -13.5 TD -0.0512 Tc 0.282 Tw (as more comprehensive than life skills or sex or sexuality education. The three ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0544 Tc 0.2544 Tw (components of the programme were outlined as 1\) growing up, 2\) HIV/AIDs, and 3\) ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0755 Tc 0.3755 Tw (drug abuse. Responding to the \221youth bulge\222, the fact that more than a fifth of India\222s) Tj 408 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -408 -13.5 TD -0.0885 Tc 0.3973 Tw (population is between 10 and 19, and around half is under 25 \(Census 2001\) and that a ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0725 Tc 0.4475 Tw (large number of HIV infections are occurring in the youth population, adolescence ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0485 Tc 0.2985 Tw (education closely resonates with HIV/AIDs education. \(The shift in funding of this ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0615 Tc 0 Tw (prog) Tj 21.75 0 TD -0.0429 Tc 0.2304 Tw (ramme mirrored this position.\). In the fourth phase of the project \(1997) Tj 344.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.1147 Tc 0.4897 Tw (2002\), it ) Tj -370.5 -13.5 TD -0.0409 Tc 0.2284 Tw (was rechristened as the National Population Education Programme, with an explicit focus ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0252 Tc 0.298 Tw (on adolescent sexual and reproductive health \(ARSH\). Several national Policies focu) Tj 410.25 0 TD -0.082 Tc 0.082 Tw (sed ) Tj -410.25 -14.25 TD -0.0393 Tc 0.1465 Tw (on adolescents in this period, eg. the National Population Policy of 2000 that explicitly ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.049 Tc 0.199 Tw (referred to adolescents as an \221under) Tj 169.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0684 Tc 0.3898 Tw (served\222 group, deserving of special services that ) Tj -174 -14.25 TD -0.0483 Tc 0.2149 Tw (provide access to information, counselling and reproductive health, and the) Tj 360 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD 0.084 Tc -0.084 Tw (National ) Tj -363 -13.5 TD -0.0614 Tc 0.3739 Tw (Youth Policy 2003, which addressed the need to include information on reproductive ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0461 Tc 0.2769 Tw (health, HIV/AIDs and population issues in the educational curriculum. In 2006 the AEP ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0516 Tc 0 Tw (\(NACO) Tj 38.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.222 Tc (UNICEF) Tj 42.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0774 Tc 0.3274 Tw (NCERT\) was to be launched in all schools of the country \(before ) Tj 315 0 TD -0.1992 Tc -0.1758 Tw (it ran ) Tj -405 -13.5 TD -0.063 Tc 0.313 Tw (into some heavy weather\205\)) Tj 135.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -135.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.084 Tc 0.484 Tw (Adolescence as an area of research and intervention in India is relatively new. The long) Tj 422.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -422.25 -13.5 TD -0.055 Tc 0.305 Tw (standing academic wisdom that, unlike in the West, adolescence as a distinct stage of life ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0902 Tc 0.4116 Tw (was not as pronounced in the Indian set) Tj 189 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0 Tc (u) Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.0884 Tc 0.5571 Tw (p, was displaced under what has been identified ) Tj -198.75 -13.5 TD -0.0149 Tc 0.0774 Tw (in official documents promoting adolescence education as clear markers of social change: ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0494 Tc 0.2369 Tw (1\) the decrease in age of puberty, 2\) increasing educational levels, and 3\) delayed age at ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0295 Tc 0.5295 Tw (marriage. Studies which indi) Tj 137.25 0 TD -0.0624 Tc 0.4374 Tw (cate increased incidence of pre) Tj 147.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.0284 Tc 0.0284 Tw (marital sexual relationships ) Tj -290.25 -13.5 TD -0.0584 Tc 0.2891 Tw (are also cited. While recognising that these relationships are occurring in contemporary ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0722 Tc 0.3606 Tw (society, within the context of AIDs these relationships tend to be viewed as ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0374 Tc 0.0374 Tw (\221irresponsible\222 behaviour, b) Tj 132.75 0 TD -0.0528 Tc 0.3028 Tw (uttressing the case for interventions to equip adolescents to ) Tj -132.75 -14.25 TD -0.0377 Tc 0.1984 Tw (deal with peer pressure that push them into sexual activity and substance abuse. \221Positive\222 ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0544 Tc 0.2852 Tw (and \221Responsible\222 social and sexual behaviour are what adolescents are expected to learn ) Tj T* -0.0142 Tc 0.3892 Tw (from the adol) Tj 63.75 0 TD -0.0372 Tc 0.3372 Tw (escence education programme; this also involves learning values that are ) Tj -63.75 -14.25 TD -0.0772 Tc 0.5772 Tw (disappearing in the new context of urbanisation and changing lifestyles.) Tj 345 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -345 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0316 Tc 0.0998 Tw (These programmes are funded and promoted by multilateral agencies working on ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0416 Tc 0.5416 Tw (reproductive health and HIV/AIDs) Tj 166.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0625 Tc 0.4375 Tw (that have been closely associated with international ) Tj -169.5 -13.5 TD -0.0635 Tc 0.3362 Tw (population and fertility control programmes worldwide. The position paper on \221Health ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0442 Tc 0.2317 Tw (and Physical Education\222 of the National Curriculum Framework \(2005\) refers to the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0324 Tc 0.0324 Tw (positive potential of adolescence ) Tj 159 0 TD -0.0429 Tc 0.3241 Tw (education initiatives by the state. However, in a ) Tj -159 -14.25 TD -0.0438 Tc 0.3847 Tw (cautionary note, the paper strongly recommended that curricular areas should guide \221t) Tj 411.75 0 TD -0.414 Tc 0.414 Tw (he ) Tj -411.75 -13.5 TD -0.0346 Tc 0.1596 Tw (appropriateness of the design, materials and pedagogy that are prescribed by health ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1216 Tc 0.6841 Tw (programmes as interventions in the) Tj 168 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.029 Tc 0.1227 Tw (school curriculum. This is critical because several of ) Tj -171 -14.25 TD -0.0488 Tc 0.2488 Tw (these programmes are tied to external funding and decisions are made at the central and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0615 Tc 0.4365 Tw (state levels.\222\(p.17\). ) Tj 95.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -95.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 32 0 obj 6747 endobj 29 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 31 0 R >> endobj 34 0 obj << /Length 35 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 516 36 6 13.5 re h W n BT 516 39 TD (8) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.053 Tc 0.2137 Tw (If population education promoted the image of the illiterate and poor as causes of India) Tj 417.75 0 TD -0.207 Tc 0.207 Tw (\222s ) Tj -417.75 -13.5 TD -0.0533 Tc 0.3533 Tw (underdevelopment, adolescence education tends to view the nation\222s adolescents as ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0652 Tc 0.4114 Tw (disruptors of its developmental, demographic and moral \(and that is indeed another story\) ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0943 Tc 0.0943 Tw (values. ) Tj 39.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -39.75 -14.25 TD -0.0904 Tc 0.9154 Tw (The latest contribution to adolescence education has been the material ) Tj 343.5 0 TD 0.0277 Tc 0.4723 Tw (created by NACO ) Tj -343.5 -13.5 TD 0.0102 Tc 3.0523 Tw (\(National Aids Control Organization\) and Unicef, is the material that triggered the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0976 Tc 4.8476 Tw (controversy which resulted in 12 state governments) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 279 0 TD (\226) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj 7.5 0 TD -0.0503 Tc 4.9253 Tw (Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat,) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj -292.5 -14.25 TD 0.022 Tc 3.0718 Tw (Karnataka, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Keral) Tj 402.75 0 TD 0.1485 Tc 1.7265 Tw (a and ) Tj -402.75 -13.5 TD -0.0087 Tc 0.0087 Tw (Rajasthan ) Tj 50.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD 0.0387 Tc 0.1756 Tw (banning sex education. The critique of the material that has most often been ) Tj -59.25 -14.25 TD -0.0709 Tc 4.8834 Tw (cited is that the materials were too sexually explicit, especially the visuals. The) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0375 Tc 0.2875 Tw (controversy reached the parliament which decided to refer the matter to the ) Tj 364.5 0 TD 0.0655 Tc -0.0655 Tw (parliamentary ) Tj -364.5 -13.5 TD -0.0171 Tc 1.0952 Tw (petitions committee. The committee was to look into the matter of the introduction of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0103 Tc 0.921 Tw (sex education in CBSE schools. The committee invited submissions from civil society. ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1105 Tc 1.0855 Tw (Several of the groups involved in the creation of this publication,) Tj 316.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 8.25 0 TD -0.0483 Tc 0.7983 Tw (have sent submissions ) Tj -324.75 -14.25 TD -0.015 Tc 0.765 Tw (either on behalf of their own organizations or jointly with other groups. One submission ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0073 Tc 0.8109 Tw (was sent on behalf of women\222s groups and women\222s studies departments, one on behalf ) Tj T* -0.0337 Tc 0.8671 Tw (of educationists and academics and another one from child r) Tj 294.75 0 TD -0.1012 Tc 1.3012 Tw (ights and youth groups. The ) Tj -294.75 -14.25 TD -0.0824 Tc 1.1324 Tw (committee has also visited different states of the country and is meant to have interacted ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1048 Tc 1.5579 Tw (with teachers and students. The committee is yet to make public its recommendations. ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0149 Tc 0.8587 Tw (In the meanwhile Naco and Unicef had constituted ) Tj 254.25 0 TD 0.0472 Tc 0.5778 Tw (a review committee, the outcome of ) Tj -254.25 -13.5 TD -0.1416 Tc 0.5916 Tw (which is not yet public. ) Tj 115.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -115.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1052 Tc 1.7782 Tw (While these developments were underway there have been virtually no forums for civil ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0075 Tc 1.0103 Tw (society groups to perceived sexuality education as a right, to come together to dialogue ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0236 Tc 4.7736 Tw (and to articulate th) Tj 102.75 0 TD -0.0312 Tc 4.6812 Tw (eir position and recommendations. It was to create such an) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -102.75 -13.5 TD -0.0271 Tc 1.0079 Tw (opportunity that a National Consultation on Sexuality Education for Young People was ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.02 Tc 0.9431 Tw (organized in December 2007. Over 40 participants from across the country participated ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0747 Tc 0.3247 Tw (in the Consultation. ) Tj 97.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -97.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0136 Tc 0.2814 Tw (The Consultation was organized by Nirantar, a Centre for Gender and Education based in ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0325 Tc 0.97 Tw (New Delhi. Nirantar is an NGO that has been working on issues of gender of education ) Tj T* -0.0111 Tc 1.029 Tw (since 1993. The vision has been that of women\222s empowerment through education and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.336 Tc 0 Tw (l) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0786 Tc 0.9357 Tw (iteracy. We have worked as a resource group through training and capacity building, the ) Tj -3 -13.5 TD -0.0735 Tc 1.52 Tw (creation of teaching learning materials, research and advocacy. We are also engaged in ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0438 Tc 1.2104 Tw (direct community based interventions. Nirantar has now included sexuality educat) Tj 402.75 0 TD 0.0336 Tc 0.7164 Tw (ion as ) Tj -402.75 -13.5 TD -0.0655 Tc 1.4655 Tw (an area of work, with a focus on building perspectives of community based workers of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0127 Tc 0.2685 Tw (NGOs on issues of sexuality. Nirantar has also initiated a study of textbooks through the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0207 Tc 0.2934 Tw (lens of gender and the nation in partnership with women\222s studies departm) Tj 359.25 0 TD 0.0586 Tc 0.1914 Tw (ents and others ) Tj -359.25 -13.5 TD -0.1194 Tc 3.2194 Tw (in four states of the country. This study includes looks at moral science, life skills, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0538 Tc 2.4645 Tw (adolescent education and sexuality education material in four states as well as at the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0821 Tc 3.3071 Tw (national level. Nirantar is also developing a curriculum for a re) Tj 330 0 TD 0 Tc 1.4994 Tw (sidential educational ) Tj -330 -13.5 TD -0.0622 Tc 1.6693 Tw (centre for adolescents and women in Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh. It was Nirantar\222s ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0756 Tc 1.0399 Tw (engagement with issues of education and sexuality and the realization of the urgent need ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0987 Tc 2.4987 Tw (for a forum for reflection and dialogue on the issue of) Tj 0 Tc -0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 282.75 0 TD -0.0473 Tc 1.9223 Tw (sexuality education for young ) Tj -282.75 -14.25 TD -0.0872 Tc 0.931 Tw (people that led us to organize the national consultation and to bring out a document such ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1551 Tc 0.1551 Tw (as this. ) Tj 42 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 35 0 obj 6524 endobj 33 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 34 0 R >> endobj 37 0 obj << /Length 38 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 516 36 6 13.5 re h W n BT 516 39 TD (9) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0954 Tc 0.4704 Tw (SECTION 3: THE CASE FOR SEXUALITY EDUCATION) Tj 308.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -311.25 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0759 Tc 1.0134 Tw (Before articulating our views on the need for sexuality education, we would l) Tj 375.75 0 TD -0.057 Tc 0.807 Tw (ike to share ) Tj -375.75 -14.25 TD -0.0575 Tc 0.3075 Tw (why we are using the term sexuality education and not sex education. ) Tj 336.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -336.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15 TD 0.0075 Tc 0.1425 Tw (From sex education to sexuality education) Tj 203.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 636.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 636.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 636.75 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 636.75 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 636.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 621.75 0.75 15 re f 527.25 621.75 0.75 15 re f BT 90 611.25 TD 0 0 0.2 rg ( ) Tj ET 0 0 0 rg 84 608.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 608.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 597.75 TD 0 0 0.2 rg /F2 12 Tf 0.0367 Tc -0.0367 Tw (Sex and sex education) Tj 110.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 0 0 0 rg 84 594 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 594 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 583.5 TD 0 0 0.2 rg /F0 12 Tf -0.1294 Tc 0.1294 Tw (The term ) Tj 48 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.108 Tc 0 Tw (sex) Tj 15.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.051 Tc 0.951 Tw (is often used to mean \221sexual activity\222. 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Tj 297.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 552.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 552.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 542.25 TD /F2 12 Tf ( ) Tj 66 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 84 539.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 539.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 528.75 TD 0.0298 Tc -0.0298 Tw (Sexuality and sexuality education) Tj 166.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 525 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 525 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 514.5 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0499 Tc 4.6249 Tw (Sexuality and sexuality education are more complex concepts. The World Health) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 511.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 511.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 501 TD -0.0341 Tc 0.0341 Tw (Organisation defines ) Tj 102 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.0933 Tc 0 Tw (sexuality) Tj 42.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.336 Tc (t) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.126 Tc 0.126 Tw (hus: ) Tj 25.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 84 498 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 498 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 487.5 TD ( ) Tj ET 84 483.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 483.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 473.25 TD /F3 12 Tf -0 Tc 0.0541 Tw (Sexuality is a central aspect of being human throughout life and encompasses sex, gender ) Tj ET 84 470.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 470.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 459.75 TD -0.016 Tc 0.0994 Tw (identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and ) Tj 354.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.0318 Tc 0.0318 Tw (reproduction. ) Tj ET 84 456 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 456 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 445.5 TD -0.0024 Tc 0.0024 Tw (Sexuality is experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, ) Tj 298.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 25.5 0 TD -0.082 Tc (des) Tj 15.75 0 TD 0.0129 Tc 33.7371 Tw (ires, beliefs,) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 442.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 442.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 432 TD -0.0041 Tc -0.103 Tw (attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles and relationships. ) Tj 309.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 14.25 0 TD 0.0304 Tc 6.7196 Tw (While sexuality can) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 429 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 429 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 418.5 TD -0.048 Tc 2.0837 Tw (include all of these dimensions, not all of them are always experienced or expressed. ) Tj ET 84 414.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 414.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 404.25 TD -0.0181 Tc 0.0181 Tw (Sexuality is influenced by the interaction of biological, ) Tj 265.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 22.5 0 TD -0.0825 Tc (psycholo) Tj 42 0 TD 0.0448 Tc 39.7052 Tw (gical, social,) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 401.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 401.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 390.75 TD -0.0163 Tc 0.1663 Tw (economic, political, cultural, ethical, legal, historical and religious and spiritual factors) Tj 424.5 5.25 TD /F3 8.25 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (1) Tj 4.5 -5.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc (. ) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 84 387 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 387 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 376.5 TD ( ) Tj ET 84 373.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 373.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 363 TD -0.0423 Tc 0.2923 Tw (Following from this, ) Tj 102 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.0423 Tc -0.0423 Tw (sexuality education ) Tj 97.5 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0264 Tc 0.1611 Tw (is a process of acquiring information, building a ) Tj ET 84 360 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 360 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 349.5 TD -0.0321 Tc 0.2821 Tw (critical understanding and forming attitudes about t) Tj 246.75 0 TD 0.0034 Tc 0.2466 Tw (he body as well as the mind, about the ) Tj ET 84 345.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 345.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 335.25 TD -0.0431 Tc 0.2306 Tw (biological as well as the social aspects of sexuality, about the self as well as relationships. ) Tj 434.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 330.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 330.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 330.75 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 330.75 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 330.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 331.5 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 331.5 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 320.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0933 Tc (Education) Tj 48 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0234 Tc (encompasse) Tj 58.5 0 TD -0.168 Tc (s) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0248 Tc 0.3998 Tw (transacting information, ) Tj 118.5 0 TD 0.0742 Tc 0 Tw (teaching) Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD 0.224 Tc 0.526 Tw (and ) Tj 21.75 0 TD -0.0405 Tc 0 Tw (learning) Tj 38.25 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD 0.0225 Tc -0.0225 Tw (specific ) Tj 40.5 0 TD 0.026 Tc 0 Tw (skills) Tj 25.5 0 TD 0.168 Tc 0.207 Tw (, and ) Tj -408 -13.5 TD -0.0262 Tc 0.2762 Tw (also something less tangible but more profound:) Tj 231 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0448 Tc 0.2948 Tw (attitudes, the ) Tj 67.5 0 TD 0.0014 Tc -0.0014 Tw (realization of self) Tj 83.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0833 Tc -0.0833 Tw (potential ) Tj -389.25 -13.5 TD -0.0043 Tc 2.8793 Tw (and critical understanding about lived experiences. ) Tj 266.25 0 TD 0.01 Tc 2.84 Tw (Sexuality education needs to be ) Tj -266.25 -14.25 TD -0.0633 Tc 0.98 Tw (included in the school curriculum primarily because sexuality is ) Tj 315.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.75 Tw (an important dimension ) Tj -315.75 -13.5 TD -0.0297 Tc 2.4203 Tw (of life, a dimension that starts manifesting itself in ways that are both positive and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0064 Tc 0.2109 Tw (negative during adolescence. Young people receive conflicting messages about what they ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.079 Tc 1.829 Tw (should aspire for and how they should behave, sexually and) Tj 299.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0218 Tc 1.2718 Tw (otherwise. While growing ) Tj -303.75 -13.5 TD -0.1018 Tc 0.9268 Tw (up, they have many questions, doubts and misconceptions about sexuality ) Tj 360.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0589 Tc 0.8089 Tw (but these are ) Tj -370.5 -14.25 TD -0.0027 Tc 0.2705 Tw (never answered since there are few sources of accurate information about sexuality. This ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.075 Tc 1.2 Tw (leaves them unsure of their own bodies and emotions.) Tj 264 0 TD 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 8.25 0 TD -0.0675 Tc 1.1925 Tw (It also leaves them vulnerable to ) Tj -272.25 -14.25 TD -0.0308 Tc 0.3808 Tw (sexual abuse and exploitation. It is the denial of information, which leads to fear, anxiety, ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0773 Tc 0.3773 Tw (mishaps, abuse, feelings of shame etc.) Tj 183 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -183 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0337 Tc 3.4087 Tw (There is overwhelming evidence which demonstrates that young people are already) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.015 Tc (sexual) Tj 30 0 TD 0.007 Tc 0.343 Tw (ly active in India. The National Family Health Surveys II and III reveal that young ) Tj -30 -26.25 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 120 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 90 89.25 144 0.75 re f BT 234 87 TD ( ) Tj -144 -8.25 TD /F0 6.75 Tf 0.375 Tc (1) Tj 3.75 -4.5 TD /F0 9.75 Tf 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.1259 Tc -0.1634 Tw (WHO Draft Working Definition 2002 ) Tj 154.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 38 0 obj 9184 endobj 36 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F2 10 0 R /F3 39 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 37 0 R >> endobj 42 0 obj << /Length 43 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (10) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.0548 Tc 0.893 Tw (people, who form 30% of the population, are sexually active at 12 and 13 years. 57% of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.016 Tc 1.016 Tw (girls are married before they are 18 and 52% have their first pregnancy between 15 an) Tj 425.25 0 TD 0.75 Tc 0 Tw (d ) Tj -425.25 -14.25 TD -0.0123 Tc 1.0711 Tw (19 years. Over 50 % of all new HIV infections in India take place among young adults ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1093 Tc 102.8593 Tw (between 15) Tj 156.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0824 Tc 102.8324 Tw (24 years old.) Tj 266.25 5.25 TD /F0 8.25 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (2) Tj 4.5 -5.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD ( ) Tj -435 -14.25 TD -0.0915 Tc 1.8259 Tw (In a context in which young people are not just sexually active, but face sexual abuse, ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1201 Tc 1.8076 Tw (contract HIV and become mothers during their teens, ho) Tj 279 0 TD -0.0478 Tc 1.3603 Tw (w can withholding information ) Tj -279 -13.5 TD -0.0681 Tc 0.3681 Tw (about sexuality from them be justified?) Tj 187.5 0 TD /F2 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -191.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0441 Tc 2.2941 Tw (Moreover, adults are themselves often uncomfortable talking about sex, sexuality and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0145 Tc 3.3029 Tw (relationships, having been raised in a similar culture of silence. As a result young) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0208 Tc 0.7292 Tw (people\222s confu) Tj 71.25 0 TD 0.058 Tc 0.6238 Tw (sions and questions are continually suppressed. We are therefore talking ) Tj -71.25 -13.5 TD -0.0272 Tc 1.0116 Tw (about sexuality education both for young people and for the adults who are meant to be ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0476 Tc 3.0945 Tw (playing the role of educators. At present there are many voices of adults that are ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.06 Tc 0 Tw (articulatin) Tj 48 0 TD -0.0089 Tc 1.6242 Tw (g anxieties related to sexuality education. There are also however voices of ) Tj -48 -14.25 TD -0.0147 Tc 0.0647 Tw (young people that seem to convey quite clearly that they want sexuality education. ) Tj 405.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -405.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 65.25 -14.25 TD /F1 12 Tf 0.0103 Tc -0.0103 Tw (YOUNG PEOPLE SPEAK OUT AGAINST SEX) Tj 251.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.15 Tc 0.15 Tw (ED BAN) Tj 45 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -225.75 -20.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0442 Tc -0.0442 Tw (FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE) Tj 150.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -163.5 -21 TD -0.0717 Tc 0.3217 Tw (HYDERABAD 31 OCTOBER 2007) Tj 176.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -303.75 -21 TD ( ) Tj 0 -20.25 TD -0.102 Tc 0.552 Tw (As young people attending the 4) Tj 155.25 5.25 TD /F0 8.25 Tf 0.5407 Tc 0 Tw (th) Tj 7.5 -5.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0574 Tc 0.0574 Tw (Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive and Sexual ) Tj -165.75 -21 TD -0.0349 Tc 0.142 Tw (Health and Rights, we strongly protest the ban against sex education recently imposed by ) Tj 0 -20.25 TD -0.0326 Tc 0.0326 Tw (12 Indian State Governments. ) Tj 146.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -146.25 -21 TD ( ) Tj 0 -21 TD -0.049 Tc 0.3302 Tw (The ban opposes the training tools used under Adol) Tj 246.75 0 TD -0.0475 Tc 0.4225 Tw (escent Education Programme) Tj 140.25 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -387 -20.25 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0719 Tc 0.4128 Tw (developed by the Union Ministry of Education along with NACO and UNICEF.) Tj 384.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -384.75 -21 TD ( ) Tj 0 -20.25 TD -0.0752 Tc 0.4252 Tw (This ban violates our right to information, right to education, right to health under the ) Tj 0 -21 TD -0.0419 Tc 0.1669 Tw (Indian Constitution and breaches India\222s international commitment) Tj 321.75 0 TD -0.1391 Tc 0.5141 Tw (s under UN treaties ) Tj -321.75 -21 TD -0.0664 Tc 0.0664 Tw (and declarations.) Tj 81 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -81 -20.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -21 TD -0.0607 Tc 0.3732 Tw (Young people need comprehensive sexuality education so that they are empowered to ) Tj 0 -20.25 TD -0.0626 Tc 0.3305 Tw (make informed decisions relating to their bodies without fear, shame or guilt. Given the ) Tj 0 -21 TD -0.0288 Tc 0.4038 Tw (right information and skills, young people can) Tj 221.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.1214 Tc 0.8714 Tw (negotiate high) Tj 66.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.051 Tc 0.301 Tw (risk situations more ) Tj -296.25 -21 TD -0.0867 Tc 0.564 Tw (effectively and reduce their vulnerability to violence, HIV and substance abuse. ) Tj 385.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -385.5 -15 TD ( ) Tj 120 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 90 89.25 144 0.75 re f BT 234 87 TD ( ) Tj -144 -8.25 TD /F0 6.75 Tf 0.375 Tc (2) Tj 3.75 -4.5 TD /F0 9.75 Tf 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.1189 Tc -0.3064 Tw (UNICEF India website: ) Tj 96.75 0 TD 0 0 1 rg 0.1313 Tc 0 Tw (http://www.unicef.org/india/media_2705.htmasviewedon) Tj ET 192.75 72.75 230.25 0.75 re f BT 423 74.25 TD 0 0 0 rg 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.0604 Tc 0.1271 Tw (October 9, 2007.) Tj 67.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 43 0 obj 5306 endobj 41 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F2 10 0 R /F3 39 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 42 0 R >> endobj 45 0 obj << /Length 46 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (11) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -21 TD -0.0502 Tc 0.2377 Tw (Arguments based on culture or morality, such as those made by the Chief Minister of the ) Tj 0 -20.25 TD -0.1145 Tc 0.5311 Tw (State of Madhya Pradesh, are invalid and do not ) Tj 234 0 TD -0.0711 Tc 0.3711 Tw (justify denying young people the ) Tj -234 -21 TD -0.0549 Tc 0.2216 Tw (information and skills they need and are entitled to. ) Tj 249.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -249.75 -20.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -21 TD -0.0838 Tc 0.43 Tw (Comprehensive sexuality education does not \221corrupt young minds\222 but that the lack of ) Tj T* -0.0953 Tc 0.6203 Tw (information leads young people to access false, incomplete and harmful informatio) Tj 398.25 0 TD -0.75 Tc 0 Tw (n.) Tj 9 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -407.25 -20.25 TD -0.0018 Tc (--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------) Tj 343.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -343.5 -21 TD -0.0581 Tc 3.399 Tw (Sexuality education is very important for young people. It strengthens relationships ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.069 Tc 1.8904 Tw (amongst us. It will also help remove violence by society against love between yo) Tj 414 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (ung ) Tj -414 -14.25 TD -0.0703 Tc 0.0703 Tw (people. ) Tj 38.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -38.25 -13.5 TD -0.0013 Tc 0.1888 Tw (Venkat\205 kamla nagar, dharavi, Mumbai) Tj 197.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -197.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0018 Tc (--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------) Tj 343.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -343.5 -13.5 TD -0.092 Tc 3.192 Tw (When girls can get married at a young age, have sex within marriage and produce ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0248 Tc 0.1498 Tw (children, why are they denied the righ) Tj 182.25 0 TD -0.0262 Tc 0.3596 Tw (t information on the subject? There should be scope ) Tj -182.25 -13.5 TD -0.0349 Tc 3.0349 Tw (for negotiation to bridge the gap between the generations over this matter,\224 Ipshita ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0017 Tc 2.2483 Tw (Chowdhury , Youth Parliament, an organisation of 800 young people working with ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0371 Tc 0.0371 Tw (school children of Delhi.) Tj 119.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -119.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1129 Tc 0.1129 Tw (Youth demand) Tj 70.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0493 Tc 0.2993 Tw (sex education in schools, hindu, 1.11.2007 ) Tj 207.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -281.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj ET 88.5 359.25 435 0.75 re f BT 90 348.75 TD /F1 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0303 Tc 0.0928 Tw (Sexuality education for young people is needed to enable them to: ) Tj 340.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -340.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 18 -15 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.27 Tc (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0563 Tc 2.1018 Tw (Understand the changes that they are undergoing, address their fears and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0254 Tc -0.0254 Tw (anxieties regarding these changes) Tj 171 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -189 -15 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.27 Tc (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0861 Tc 0.0861 Tw (Be aware of their rights and how ) Tj 170.25 0 TD 0.0979 Tc -0.0979 Tw (these can be protected) Tj 114.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -303 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.27 Tc (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0519 Tc 0.3404 Tw (Take decisions and negotiate with others, based on both a recognition of their ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1011 Tc 0.3511 Tw (own interests and the rights of others) Tj 189.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -207.75 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.27 Tc (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0353 Tc 2.0603 Tw (Recognize sexual abuse, violence and discrimination and break the silence ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0238 Tc 0.1738 Tw (related to these violations ) Tj 136.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -154.5 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.27 Tc (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0373 Tc 0.0373 Tw (Be healthy ) Tj 57 0 TD -0.0602 Tc 0.5102 Tw (and to protect themselves from diseases) Tj 202.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -277.5 -15 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.27 Tc (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0414 Tc 0.6307 Tw (Counter the sense of shame about their bodies and sexuality so that they feel ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0043 Tc -0.0043 Tw (confident and positive about themselves and so that they experience a greater ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0342 Tc 0.0342 Tw (sense of well being, ) Tj 100.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -136.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0634 Tc 0.2134 Tw (The Right to Information ) Tj 136.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -136.5 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0435 Tc -0.0435 Tw (The conte) Tj 48 0 TD -0.0827 Tc 0.2702 Tw (xt today, as we know is one in which schools most often fail to provide even ) Tj -48 -14.25 TD -0.0587 Tc 0.3265 Tw (more limited biological information related to sex and sexuality. Many of us remember ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0663 Tc 0.3548 Tw (the embarrassed teacher not teaching the section on human reproduction in the biology ) Tj ET endstream endobj 46 0 obj 5332 endobj 44 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F4 47 0 R /F5 49 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 45 0 R >> endobj 52 0 obj << /Length 53 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (12) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.15 Tc 0.15 Tw (text b) Tj 26.25 0 TD -0.0428 Tc 0.2571 Tw (ook. That continues to be the experience of most school going students even today, ) Tj -26.25 -13.5 TD -0.0702 Tc 0.3349 Tw (except perhaps in some of the more elite schools in the metros. 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Tj 401.25 0 TD /F1 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -405 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0569 Tc 1.0569 Tw (The last NFHS survey showed that in spite of heavy campaigning, 60% women in India ) Tj ET 84 498.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 498.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 498.75 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 498.75 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 498.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 483.75 0.75 15 re f 527.25 483.75 0.75 15 re f BT 90 473.25 TD -0.0848 Tc 0.3848 Tw (had never heard of HIV/AIDS. ) Tj 151.5 0 TD /F1 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 468.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 468.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 468.75 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 468.75 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 468.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 469.5 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 469.5 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 458.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -15 TD 0.1264 Tc -0.1264 Tw (The Working Grou) Tj 92.25 0 TD 0.0445 Tc 0.3305 Tw (p Report on Empowerment of Women, Ministry) Tj 234 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD 0.252 Tc -0.252 Tw (of ) Tj 13.5 0 TD 0.0388 Tc -0.0388 Tw (Women and Child) Tj 89.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 440.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 440.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 440.25 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 440.25 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 440.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 426 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 426 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 415.5 TD -0.0733 Tc 0.8233 Tw (Development, constituted as part of the 11) Tj 205.5 5.25 TD /F0 8.25 Tf 0.5407 Tc 0 Tw (th) Tj 7.5 -5.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.1113 Tc 0.6738 Tw (Five Year Plan process, ) Tj 117.75 0 TD -0.1013 Tc 0.8513 Tw (notes that \223issues of ) Tj ET 84 411.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 411.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 401.25 TD -0.0325 Tc 0.4075 Tw (sexuality need to be addressed to provide children with information, enable them to make ) Tj ET 84 398.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 398.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 387.75 TD -0.018 Tc 2.268 Tw (informed choic) Tj 75 0 TD 0.0625 Tc 2.125 Tw (es, make them aware of the diversity of expressions of sexuality and ) Tj ET 84 384 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 384 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 373.5 TD -0.047 Tc 0.1152 Tw (gender and to equip them to deal with violations \(pg 108\).\224 ) Tj 287.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 369 0.75 0.75 re f 84 369 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 369 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 369 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 369 0.75 0.75 re f 84 369.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 369.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 358.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0121 Tc 0.0121 Tw (Challenging assumptions and stereotypes related to gender and sexuality) Tj 371.25 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -375 -13.5 TD -0.1038 Tc 1.1752 Tw (Sexuality education is necessary in order to criti) Tj 233.25 0 TD -0.0575 Tc 0.8075 Tw (cally understand notions about sexuality ) Tj -233.25 -14.25 TD -0.079 Tc 1.0634 Tw (and gender, particularly those which are used to curtail the rights of young people. This ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0493 Tc 1.7493 Tw (will help to dispel adolescent anxieties. It will also help foster a greater acceptance of ) Tj T* -0.0431 Tc 2.2931 Tw (different expressions of gender ) Tj 162.75 0 TD -0.0154 Tc 2.694 Tw (and sexualities and to counter discrimination against ) Tj -162.75 -14.25 TD -0.0414 Tc 0.1778 Tw (those who are seen to be breaking conventional social norms. ) Tj 300.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -300.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0688 Tc 0.4438 Tw (Sexuality education can help challenge the notions that ) Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -267.75 -13.5 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0666 Tc 1.6291 Tw (boys are \223naturally\224 aggressive and will insist on sexual satisfaction and that ) Tj 387 0 TD 0.0015 Tc 1.1235 Tw (girls are ) Tj -391.5 -13.5 TD -0.0654 Tc 0.3988 Tw (passive, shy and unable to express or withhold consent firmly.) Tj 299.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -299.25 -14.25 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0248 Tc 0.1517 Tw (a \221good\222 woman is one who places others\222 needs and desires over her own, and one who ) Tj -4.5 -13.5 TD -0.0599 Tc 0.4349 Tw (submits herself to norms \(that perpetuate subordination\).) Tj 272.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -272.25 -14.25 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0627 Tc 0.1877 Tw (those who are disabled are either ase) Tj 175.5 0 TD -0.1747 Tc 0.6747 Tw (xual or hyper sexual.) 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S) Tj 60 0 TD -0.0464 Tc 0.2964 Tw (exuality education can play an important role in this process.) Tj 292.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 690.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 690.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 690.75 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 690.75 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 690.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 691.5 0.75 15 re f 527.25 691.5 0.75 15 re f BT 90 680.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0904 Tc 1.6373 Tw (Sex and sexuality, like gender, is not natural but determined by a wide range of social, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0545 Tc 0.8982 Tw (economic and cultural factors. There are innumerable dos and don\222ts related to sex and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0647 Tc 0.0647 Tw (sexuality ) Tj 45.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD 0.375 Tc (wi) Tj 12 0 TD -0.0724 Tc 0.501 Tw (th whom, how, why and when sexual behaviour is acceptable and when it is ) Tj -66.75 -13.5 TD -0.0418 Tc 0.4389 Tw (not. These rules are related to the need to maintain existing structures in society in place, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0693 Tc 0.5193 Tw (however unequal and unjust they may be. Awareness about the punishments we will face ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.291 Tc 0 Tw (if) Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0811 Tc 0.9248 Tw (we behave in certain ways and the priviliges we will enjoy, all go towards creating the ) Tj -10.5 -14.25 TD -0.0323 Tc 0.3604 Tw (existing \221knowledge\222 that we have about sex and sexuality. This is what is being referred ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0846 Tc 2.4596 Tw (to as \221naturally\222 acquired knowledge. 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Sexuality education should build an understanding about ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0866 Tc 1.1366 Tw (that every person has the right to say no to unwanted touch. Bodily integrity also) Tj 400.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0648 Tc 0.8148 Tw (needs ) Tj -405 -14.25 TD -0.0843 Tc 1.6312 Tw (to be understood in more positive terms of agency and well being. There are ofcource ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0224 Tc 0.1918 Tw (close linkages between these positive and the negative aspects of sexuality. Child sexual ) Tj T* -0.0389 Tc 1.5389 Tw (abuse, sexual harassment and even sexualized ragging at school can be i) Tj 363 0 TD 0.0388 Tc 0.7112 Tw (dentified only ) Tj -363 -14.25 TD -0.0882 Tc 0.8882 Tw (when young adolescents realize that they have a right to bodily integrity and that nobody ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0578 Tc 1.0725 Tw (has the right to violate them against their will. In the context of young women issues of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0829 Tc 5.7615 Tw (bodily integrity become particularly important in the context) Tj 327 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 8.25 0 TD -0.0551 Tc 6.0551 Tw (of early marriage.) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -335.25 -13.5 TD -0.0204 Tc 0.449 Tw (Early/unwanted pregnancy and the need to understand that submitting one self to the will ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1283 Tc 1.7533 Tw (of the husband is not what a the wife \221needs\222 to do is essential. Contraception and the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0571 Tc 0.3384 Tw (notion of mutual responsibility need to be established. ) Tj 263.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -263.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 18 -15.75 TD /F6 12 Tf 0.036 Tc (n) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0157 Tc 0.9157 Tw (In Uttar Pradesh, only 8.7 percent of married women ages 15) Tj 301.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0016 Tc 0.7484 Tw (49 reported use of ) Tj ET 102 317.25 0.75 0.75 re f 102 317.25 0.75 0.75 re f 102.75 317.25 424.5 0.75 re f 527.25 317.25 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 317.25 0.75 0.75 re f 102 303 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 303 0.75 14.25 re f BT 126 292.5 TD -0.0728 Tc 0.0728 Tw (condoms. ) Tj 49.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 102 289.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 289.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 108 279 TD /F6 12 Tf 0.036 Tc (n) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.582 Tc 0 Tw (Two) Tj 21 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0906 Tc 0.8941 Tw (thirds of married women \(all ages\) in U.P. don\222t know that consistent use of ) Tj ET 102 275.25 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 275.25 0.75 14.25 re f BT 126 264.75 TD -0.0236 Tc 0.8674 Tw (condoms can reduce the risk of contracting HIV. Only 74% of men and 40% of ) Tj ET 102 261.75 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 261.75 0.75 13.5 re f BT 126 251.25 TD -0.0195 Tc 0.7695 Tw (women hav) Tj 54.75 0 TD -0.0367 Tc 0.2242 Tw (e ever heard of AIDS.) Tj 106.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 102 247.5 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 247.5 0.75 14.25 re f BT 108 237 TD /F6 12 Tf 0.036 Tc (n) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0256 Tc 2.3381 Tw (In rural Uttar Pradesh, the majority of married women described early sexual ) Tj ET 102 234 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 234 0.75 13.5 re f BT 126 223.5 TD -0.0624 Tc 0.3624 Tw (encounters with their husbands as coercive.) Tj 208.5 5.25 TD /F0 8.25 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (4) Tj 4.5 -5.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 102 219 0.75 0.75 re f 102 219 0.75 0.75 re f 102.75 219 424.5 0.75 re f 527.25 219 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 219 0.75 0.75 re f 102 219.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 219.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 208.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0461 Tc 0.4961 Tw (Understanding and dealing with violence ) Tj 212.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -212.25 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0443 Tc 0.8693 Tw (Sexuality education can also help understand violence. Boy\222s and men) Tj 345.75 0 TD -0.1147 Tc 1.2398 Tw (\222s sexuality is not ) Tj -345.75 -14.25 TD -0.0538 Tc 1.768 Tw (\223naturally\224 aggressive or \223hormonally\224 violent. This violence is a product of the way ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0022 Tc 1.6629 Tw (they were conditioned to exert power over women; if it were a \221natural\222 phenomenon ) Tj T* -0.1035 Tc -0.6465 Tw (then ) Tj 24.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.026 Tc 0 Tw (all) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0457 Tc 1.6209 Tw (boys and men would be physically and sexually abusive. Se) Tj 305.25 0 TD 0.0161 Tc 0.7339 Tw (xuality education ) Tj -347.25 -18 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 120 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 90 123.75 144 0.75 re f BT 234 121.5 TD ( ) Tj -144 -8.25 TD /F0 6.75 Tf 0.375 Tc (3) Tj 3.75 -4.5 TD /F0 9.75 Tf 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.1397 Tc -0.3272 Tw (Convention on the Elimination of ) Tj 136.5 0 TD 0.1744 Tc -0.3619 Tw (all forms of Discrimination against Women.) Tj 177.75 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj -320.25 -6.75 TD /F0 6.75 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (4) Tj 3.75 -4.5 TD /F0 9.75 Tf 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD 0.1352 Tc -0.265 Tw (George, A. and S. Jaswal.1995; "Understanding sexuality: Ethnographic study of poor women in ) Tj -6.75 -11.25 TD 0.1234 Tc -0.1378 Tw (Bombay," Women and AIDS Program Research Report Series No. 12. Washington, D.C.: International ) Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1397 Tc 0.0478 Tw (Centre for Research on ) Tj 95.25 0 TD 0.199 Tc 0 Tw (Women.) Tj 33.75 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 57 0 obj 8369 endobj 54 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 55 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F3 39 0 R /F5 49 0 R /F6 58 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 56 0 R >> endobj 61 0 obj << /Length 62 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (14) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.0332 Tc 1.0511 Tw (programs can create an opportunity to engage with boys and girls about sexual violence ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0192 Tc 0.7989 Tw (through discussions around gender, sexuality, power and relationships, and change their ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0628 Tc 0.3628 Tw (perspectives and behaviour through it. ) Tj 186.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -186.75 -13.5 TD /F1 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0672 Tc 0.6828 Tw (Sexuality education cl) Tj 108 0 TD 0.0211 Tc 0.9789 Tw (asses can also provide a safe environment for learners to discuss ) Tj -108 -13.5 TD -0.0313 Tc 1.7188 Tw (and resolve confusions, guilt and anxieties related to personal experiences of violence, ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0213 Tc 0.5034 Tw (particularly from those in positions of power. Often children have no language, no words ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.046 Tc 0.046 Tw (with which ) Tj 57.75 0 TD -0.0318 Tc 0.7818 Tw (to disclose the ) Tj 74.25 0 TD 0.0016 Tc 0.8984 Tw (abuse they have faced because anything related to the sexual ) Tj -132 -13.5 TD -0.0501 Tc 1 Tw (has been shrouded in silence. Sexuality education can reassure the young of their rights ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0845 Tc 0.4254 Tw (to safety and dignity by giving them the words to name violence.) Tj 312 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -312 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0166 Tc 0.3584 Tw (Sexuality Education can) Tj 116.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0746 Tc 0.3631 Tw (play a crucial role in the reduction of the high incidence of child ) Tj -119.25 -14.25 TD -0.0872 Tc 0.3872 Tw (sexual abuse in our society. Sexuality education will have a two) Tj 306 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.0894 Tc 0.0894 Tw (fold effect ) Tj 51.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.1836 Tc 0.4336 Tw (it will lead ) Tj -372.75 -13.5 TD -0.0427 Tc 0.1751 Tw (to the child recognizing \223child sexual abuse\224 by an adult at the time of occurrence and it ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.168 Tc 0 Tw (will) Tj 18 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0619 Tc 0.4081 Tw (contribute to the confidence of the child in telling his/her caregivers about the ) Tj -21 -13.5 TD -0.0802 Tc 0 Tw (occurrence.) Tj 55.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -55.5 -29.25 TD 0.1373 0.1216 0.1255 rg -0.0428 Tc 0.3076 Tw (According to a national level study in 2007 on child abuse by the Ministry of Women and ) Tj ET 0 0 0 rg 84 484.5 0.75 0.75 re f 84 484.5 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 484.5 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 484.5 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 484.5 0.75 0.75 re f 84 470.25 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 470.25 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 459.75 TD 0.1373 0.1216 0.1255 rg -0.0897 Tc 1.532 Tw (Child Development in India, out of a total of 12,447 children, across 13 ) Tj 361.5 0 TD -0.0508 Tc 1.1758 Tw (states, 53.22% ) Tj ET 0 0 0 rg 84 456 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 456 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 445.5 TD 0.1373 0.1216 0.1255 rg -0.0493 Tc 1.0993 Tw (reported having faced one or more forms of sexual abuse that included severe and other ) Tj ET 0 0 0 rg 84 442.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 442.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 432 TD 0.1373 0.1216 0.1255 rg 0.0026 Tc 0.0912 Tw (forms. Among them 52.94% were boys and 47.06% girls.) Tj 277.5 0 TD 0 0 0 rg 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD 0.0614 Tc -0.0614 Tw (around 70% of abused children ) Tj ET 84 428.25 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 428.25 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 417.75 TD -0.1093 Tc 0.4843 Tw (have never reported the matter to anyone\224.) Tj 204.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 400.5 0.75 27.75 re f 527.25 400.5 0.75 27.75 re f BT 90 390 TD -0.0579 Tc 0.2079 Tw (Ministry of Women and Child ) Tj 147.75 0 TD -0.0509 Tc 0.3322 Tw (Development, Government of India. Study on Child Abuse ) Tj ET 84 387 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 387 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 376.5 TD 0.0232 Tc -0.0232 Tw (2007 http://www.wcd.nic.in/childabuse.pdf) Tj 207.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.021 Tc 0.021 Tw (Chennai. ) Tj 47.25 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 373.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 373.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 363 TD -0.459 Tc -0.291 Tw (sh ) Tj 13.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 357.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 357.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 357.75 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 357.75 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 357.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 358.5 0.75 15 re f 527.25 358.5 0.75 15 re f BT 90 347.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0397 Tc 0.0853 Tw (53 % of surveyed women aged 20) Tj 165 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0313 Tc 0.2187 Tw (24 were married by age 18. In U.P., the median age at ) Tj -169.5 -14.25 TD -0.0316 Tc 0.3316 Tw (first birth for women age 25) Tj 135.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0657 Tc 0.2557 Tw (49 is 19.4, and 14.3 % of surv) Tj 146.25 0 TD -0.026 Tc 0.276 Tw (eyed women aged 15) Tj 102 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.011 Tc 0.761 Tw (19 were ) Tj -393 -13.5 TD -0.0407 Tc 0.1907 Tw (already mothers or pregnant at the time of the NFHS ) Tj 255.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.249 Tc 0.249 Tw (3 survey.) Tj 43.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -285.75 -15 TD 0 0 1 rg /F6 12 Tf 0.036 Tc (n) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf -0.0245 Tc 3.9411 Tw (Complications of pregnancy such as anemia, low birth weight, spontaneous) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj ET 102 302.25 0.75 0.75 re f 102 302.25 0.75 0.75 re f 102.75 302.25 424.5 0.75 re f 527.25 302.25 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 302.25 0.75 0.75 re f 102 287.25 0.75 15 re f 527.25 287.25 0.75 15 re f BT 126 276.75 TD -0.0396 Tc 1.0623 Tw (abortions and eclampsia are significantly higher among adolescent mothers, as is ) Tj ET 102 273.75 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 273.75 0.75 13.5 re f BT 126 263.25 TD -0.0733 Tc -0.1767 Tw (the risk of ) Tj 51 0 TD 0.0337 Tc 0.3413 Tw (dying from pregnancy) Tj 107.25 0 TD 0 0 1 rg 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 0 0 0 rg 102 258 0.75 0.75 re f 102 258 0.75 0.75 re f 102.75 258 424.5 0.75 re f 527.25 258 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 258 0.75 0.75 re f 102 258.75 0.75 15 re f 527.25 258.75 0.75 15 re f BT 90 247.5 TD /F1 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -15 TD -0.0522 Tc 0.2022 Tw (Sexuality Education as a Right ) Tj ET 90 229.5 156.75 1.5 re f BT 250.5 232.5 TD /F3 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 243.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 243.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 243.75 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 243.75 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 243.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 229.5 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 229.5 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 219 TD /F0 12 Tf ( ) Tj ET 84 215.25 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 215.25 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 204.75 TD -0.0302 Tc 0.3115 Tw (The right to sexuality education should be considered an inherent part of the rights to life, ) Tj ET 84 201.75 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 201.75 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 191.25 TD -0.0328 Tc 1.0555 Tw (health, expression, education and information that have been recognized as fundamental ) Tj ET 84 187.5 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 187.5 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 177 TD -0.0487 Tc 2.5487 Tw (rights under the Con) Tj 104.25 0 TD -0.0501 Tc 2.5047 Tw (stitution of India. 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The ) Tj 319.5 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.008 Tc -0.008 Tw (International Covenant ) Tj ET 84 105 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 105 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 94.5 TD -0.0247 Tc 1.5247 Tw (on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) Tj 203.25 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.1532 Tc 1.1532 Tw (\(IESCR\) and the ) Tj 85.5 0 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0545 Tc 1.2545 Tw (Convention on the Rights of ) Tj ET 84 91.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 91.5 0.75 13.5 re f endstream endobj 62 0 obj 8450 endobj 60 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 55 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F3 39 0 R /F5 49 0 R /F6 58 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 61 0 R >> endobj 64 0 obj << /Length 65 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (15) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD /F3 12 Tf -0.0112 Tc 0.7613 Tw (the Child) Tj 45 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0045 Tc 0.942 Tw (\(CRC\) specifically recognize the right to health and su) Tj 267.75 0 TD -0.0033 Tc 1.0033 Tw (rvival and development ) Tj ET 84 706.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 706.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 696 TD -0.0438 Tc 2.362 Tw (to include appropriate sexual and reproductive health information and services. India, ) Tj ET 84 692.25 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 692.25 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 681.75 TD -0.0711 Tc 2.4282 Tw (being a signatory to these conventions is therefore under an obligation to ensure that ) Tj ET 84 678.75 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 678.75 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 668.25 TD -0.0302 Tc 0.4052 Tw (children and young persons are not denied vital information) Tj 287.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0156 Tc 0.3156 Tw (and education on their sexual ) Tj ET 84 664.5 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 664.5 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 654 TD -0.0706 Tc 0.3206 Tw (and reproductive health. ) Tj 119.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 637.5 0.75 0.75 re f 84 637.5 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 637.5 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 637.5 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 637.5 0.75 0.75 re f 84 638.25 0.75 26.25 re f 527.25 638.25 0.75 26.25 re f BT 90 627 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15 TD -0.0768 Tc 1.1268 Tw (Recent news reports suggest the incidence of child sexual abuse in schools by figures in ) Tj ET 84 623.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 623.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 623.25 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 623.25 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 623.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 608.25 0.75 15 re f 527.25 608.25 0.75 15 re f BT 90 597.75 TD -0.0645 Tc 0.4395 Tw (authorities like school principals and teachers is fairly high.) Tj 286.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 593.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 593.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 593.25 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 593.25 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 593.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 594 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 594 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 582.75 TD /F1 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0047 Tc 0.0047 Tw (Countering Myths and fears about Sexuality E) Tj 238.5 0 TD -0.0532 Tc -0.6968 Tw (ducation ) Tj 48 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -286.5 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0532 Tc 0.9032 Tw (We respond below to some of the arguments put forward by proponents of the ban ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0463 Tc -0.0463 Tw (on Sex Education) Tj 88.5 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw (.) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -92.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F2 12 Tf -0.0112 Tc 0.4112 Tw (Young people are being provided with information that is \223too explicit at too young an ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0156 Tc 0 Tw (age\224.) Tj 26.25 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -26.25 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.088 Tc 1.088 Tw (The scope of sexuality education is much wider than in) Tj 270 0 TD -0.0317 Tc 0.6317 Tw (formation about sexual activities. ) Tj -270 -14.25 TD -0.0539 Tc 1.0182 Tw (Moreover an age appropriate curricula will mean that the content, style and images used ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.059 Tc 0.2898 Tw (would be informed by the specific needs and contexts of different age groups. ) Tj 376.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -376.5 -14.25 TD /F2 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.062 Tc -0.212 Tw (Sex education will lead to yo) Tj 141.75 0 TD 0.0028 Tc -0.0028 Tw (ung people becoming sexually active. ) Tj 189 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -330.75 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0693 Tc 3.0693 Tw (There is no evidence to demonstrate that the introduction of sex education leads to ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0677 Tc 1.5677 Tw (increased sexual activity among young people. Several studies provide evidence to the ) Tj ET 1 1 1 rg 84 105.75 432 324 re f 0.75 w 1 J 1 j 0 0 0 RG 84 429.75 m 84 105.75 l 516 105.75 l 516 429.75 l h S q 91.5 409.5 256.5 16.5 re h W n BT 91.5 413.25 TD 0 0 0 rg /F7 12 Tf 0.0011 Tc 0.0409 Tw (Child Sexual Abuse and Sexuality Education) Tj ET Q q 348 409.5 9 16.5 re h W n BT 348 413.25 TD 0 0 0 rg /F7 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.042 Tw ( ) Tj ET Q BT 91.5 396 TD 0 0 0 rg /F8 12 Tf -0.0701 Tc 0.2857 Tw (How can a teenage girl muster courage to tell her parents that her cousin ) Tj 0 -16.5 TD -0.0959 Tc 0.431 Tw (puts his hand in her panties every time he visits them, when throughout ) Tj T* -0.0707 Tc 0.3078 Tw (her life she has been conditioned to believe that 'good gi) Tj 319.5 0 TD -0.0997 Tc 0.5117 Tw (rls don't speak ) Tj -319.5 -17.25 TD -0.0638 Tc 0.4401 Tw (about such dirty things'? How will a seven) Tj 234 0 TD 0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.183 Tc (year) Tj 24.75 0 TD 0.246 Tc (-) Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.038 Tc -0.0143 Tw (old boy be able to tell his ) Tj -269.25 -16.5 TD -0.0993 Tc 0.4343 Tw (mother that the school bus driver asks him to touch his private parts ) Tj 0 -16.5 TD -0.0662 Tc 0.3532 Tw (when in his mind 'private parts' resonates with 'shame'? Often in our ) Tj T* 0.0578 Tc 0.1042 Tw (work at Tulir ) Tj 76.5 0 TD -0.042 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 5.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.162 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.2031 Tc 0.3651 Tw (Centre f) Tj 47.25 0 TD -0.0387 Tc 0.2007 Tw (or the Prevention and Healing of Child Sexual ) Tj -132.75 -17.25 TD -0.0592 Tc 0.2837 Tw (Abuse we have come across parents and teachers who want their children ) Tj 0 -16.5 TD -0.0748 Tc 0.3522 Tw (and students to be protected against sexual abuse, but they do not want ) Tj T* -0.0517 Tc 0.2762 Tw (to talk about matters as simple as naming the private parts. This s) Tj 370.5 0 TD 0.001 Tc -0.589 Tw (ilence ) Tj -370.5 -17.25 TD -0.0393 Tc 0.2013 Tw (lends strength to abusers who use it to their benefit, feeling comfortable ) Tj 0 -16.5 TD -0.0532 Tc 0.2152 Tw (in the knowledge that children won't talk about it and if they do, chances ) Tj T* -0.0248 Tc 0.1868 Tw (are they will be muted by adults. Tackling child sexual abuse proactively ) Tj T* -0.0109 Tc 0.3604 Tw (also means lifting the ve) Tj 135.75 0 TD -0.0024 Tc 0.1644 Tw (il of silence from sexuality. ) Tj 156.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.162 Tw ( ) Tj -292.5 -17.25 TD -0.0161 Tc 0.1781 Tw (By Alankaar Sharma and Vidya Reddy, Tulir, Chennai.) Tj 294.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 65 0 obj 6615 endobj 63 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 55 0 R /Resources << /Font 70 0 R /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 64 0 R >> endobj 70 0 obj << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F2 10 0 R /F3 39 0 R /F7 66 0 R /F8 68 0 R >> endobj 72 0 obj << /Length 73 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (16) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.0319 Tc 1.6569 Tw (contrary \(see footnotes\). For example, a) Tj 201.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.3135 Tc (stud) Tj 20.25 0 TD -0.0716 Tc 1.3573 Tw (y commissioned by the WHO and Global ) Tj -226.5 -13.5 TD -0.1492 Tc 7.2742 Tw (Programme on AIDS) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 124.5 5.25 TD /F0 8.25 Tf 0.375 Tc (5) Tj 4.5 -5.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 9.75 0 TD -0.054 Tc 6.804 Tw (reviewed 47 studies that evaluate sexuality education) Tj 0 Tc -0.75 Tw ( ) Tj -138.75 -14.25 TD -0.0473 Tc 3.3358 Tw (interventions implemented in various countries and found that in 17 studies it was ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0115 Tc 0.0949 Tw (reported that education delayed the onset of sexual activity, ) Tj 289.5 0 TD -0.0713 Tc 0.5213 Tw (reduced the number of sexual ) Tj -289.5 -14.25 TD -0.0584 Tc 4.6948 Tw (partners or reduced unplanned pregnancy and STI while 25 studies reported that) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0628 Tc 0.5628 Tw (education neither increased nor decreased these indicators.) Tj 282 5.25 TD /F0 8.25 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (6) Tj 4.5 -5.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD ( ) Tj -289.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0337 Tc 3.4087 Tw (There is overwhelming evidence which demonstrates that young people are already) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.3648 Tc (sexua) Tj 27 0 TD -0.0632 Tc 0.3132 Tw (lly active in India.) Tj 87.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -93 -16.5 TD /F8 12 Tf 0.246 Tc (-) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0069 Tc 1.6799 Tw (The National Family Health Surveys II and III reveal that young people, who ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0443 Tc 0.1693 Tw (form 30% of the population, are sexually active at 12 and 13 years.) Tj 321.75 0 TD /F2 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -339.75 -15.75 TD /F8 12 Tf 0.246 Tc (-) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0142 Tc 3.9608 Tw (Among adolescents in the typical north Indian population, 17% of school) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1811 Tc 1.4311 Tw (children and 33% yo) Tj 102 0 TD -0.0633 Tc 0.907 Tw (ung workers of 3,300 young persons aged 15 ) Tj 224.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0234 Tc 0.7734 Tw (24 reported ) Tj -336 -14.25 TD -0.099 Tc 0.474 Tw (having premarital sex.) Tj 107.25 5.25 TD /F0 8.25 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (7) Tj 4.5 -5.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD ( ) Tj -132.75 -15.75 TD /F8 12 Tf 0.246 Tc (-) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0321 Tc 1.0321 Tw (57% of girls are married before they are 18 and 52% have their first pregnancy ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0816 Tc 0.2691 Tw (between 15 and 19 years.) Tj 121.5 0 TD /F2 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -139.5 -15.75 TD /F8 12 Tf 0.246 Tc (-) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0298 Tc 0.9298 Tw (More than 53% children in India are subjected to sexual abuse) Tj 307.5 5.25 TD /F0 8.25 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (8) Tj 4.5 -5.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 7.5 0 TD 0.2172 Tc 0.5328 Tw (and th) Tj 30 0 TD -0.0094 Tc 0.5094 Tw (at over a ) Tj -349.5 -14.25 TD -0.0529 Tc 0.2404 Tw (third of all rape victims are below 16 years.) Tj 209.25 5.25 TD /F0 8.25 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (9) Tj 4.5 -5.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD /F2 12 Tf ( ) Tj -256.5 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.0357 Tc -0.1107 Tw (Teachers are unwilling and unprepared to teach sex education. ) Tj 318.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -318.75 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0481 Tc 3.2481 Tw (There is an obvious need for teachers to be equipped in terms of information and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0099 Tc 1.8849 Tw (perspectives related to sexuality; ease and comfort) Tj 252 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.0188 Tc 1.6438 Tw (in dealing with issues of sexuality; ) Tj -257.25 -13.5 TD -0.0244 Tc 2.4244 Tw (ability to communicate with young people about these issues. However, ) Tj 373.5 0 TD /F1 12 Tf 0.0747 Tc 1.6753 Tw (the lack of ) Tj -373.5 -13.5 TD -0.0386 Tc 2.8655 Tw (training inputs cannot be a justification for the exclusion of sexuality from the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0246 Tc 0 Tw (curriculum) Tj 57 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0433 Tc 0.4183 Tw (. Instead, capacity building and training in) Tj 203.25 0 TD -0.0834 Tc 0.3834 Tw (puts need to be built in.) Tj 113.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -373.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.0234 Tc -0.0234 Tw (Parents are opposed to sex education.) Tj 186 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -186 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0616 Tc 1.6152 Tw (The danger of parental opposition to the introduction of sexuality education is one that ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0737 Tc 0.8773 Tw (needs to be recognized and addressed in a strategic manner. However, parental approval ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0469 Tc 1.2031 Tw (cannot be the ) Tj 72.75 0 TD -0.023 Tc 1.8563 Tw (yardstick for meeting the educational needs of young people. ) Tj 312 0 TD /F1 12 Tf 0.1089 Tc 0.6411 Tw (No other ) Tj -384.75 -13.5 TD 0.0077 Tc 2.4298 Tw (aspect of the school curriculum requires such parental approval) Tj 348 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.006 Tc 1.994 Tw (; sexuality alone ) Tj -348 -14.25 TD -0.0391 Tc 0.2735 Tw (cannot form an exception. Parents need to recognize the importance of schools as a space ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1595 Tc 0.4095 Tw (in which young ) Tj 77.25 0 TD -0.0641 Tc 0.3641 Tw (people can learn about issues of sexuality, in a context in which it is often ) Tj -77.25 -13.5 TD -0.0097 Tc 1.7597 Tw (not easy for them as parents to talk to their children about these issues. There is the ) Tj 0 -27 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 120 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 90 207.75 144 0.75 re f BT 234 205.5 TD ( ) Tj -144 -9 TD /F0 6.75 Tf 0.375 Tc (5) Tj 3.75 -4.5 TD /F0 9.75 Tf 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 2.25 0 TD /F8 9.75 Tf 0.0847 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD 0.1025 Tc 0.0573 Tw (\221Sexuality Education and Young People\222s Sexual Behaviour:a review of studies, 1997) Tj 386.25 0 TD /F0 9.75 Tf 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj -395.25 -9 TD /F0 8.25 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (6) Tj 4.5 -5.25 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc ( ) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F8 8.25 Tf -0.1577 Tc 1.891 Tw (WHO Technical Report Series No.938 Preventing HIV/AIDS in Young People: A Systematic Review of the ) Tj -9.75 -11.25 TD -0.0686 Tc -0.1481 Tw (Evidence from Developing Countries, 2006, shows that school cu) Tj 241.5 0 TD -0.1036 Tc -0.1132 Tw (rriculum based HIV prevention education results in ) Tj -241.5 -11.25 TD -0.1093 Tc 0.4759 Tw (delayed age at entering a sexual relationship, reduced number of sexual partners, increased use of safer sex and ) Tj 0 -11.25 TD -0.082 Tc -0.2848 Tw (contraception and other such positive behaviours.) Tj 185.25 0 TD /F8 12 Tf 0 Tc 0.162 Tw ( ) Tj -185.25 -12 TD /F0 9.75 Tf -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -6.75 TD /F0 6.75 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (7) Tj 3.75 -4.5 TD /F0 9.75 Tf 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.1614 Tc -0.0989 Tw (Study reported in ) Tj 72 0 TD /F3 9.75 Tf 0.114 Tc 0 Tw (BMJ) Tj 18.75 0 TD /F0 9.75 Tf 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.1409 Tc 0.4216 Tw (2001;322:575 \() Tj 61.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.375 Tc 0 Tw (10) Tj 9.75 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.1605 Tc 0 Tw (March) Tj 26.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 2.25 0 TD -0.2467 Tc 0 Tw (\)) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj -207.75 -7.5 TD /F0 6.75 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (8) Tj 3.75 -4.5 TD /F0 9.75 Tf 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.1448 Tc -0.249 Tw (Press Release, \223Ministry of Women and Child Development releases a Study on Child Abuse\224, April, 9 ) Tj -8.25 -11.25 TD 0.0993 Tc 0.0882 Tw (2007, http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=26737) Tj 219.75 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj -219.75 -6.75 TD /F0 6.75 Tf 0.375 Tc 0 Tw (9) Tj 3.75 -4.5 TD /F0 9.75 Tf 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj 2.25 0 TD 0.1715 Tc -0.359 Tw (Dasgupta J and Das A eds. \223The emerging agenda: Adolescents\224 Understanding reproduct) Tj 363 0 TD 0.0915 Tc -0.029 Tw (ive health: A ) Tj -369 -12 TD 0.1029 Tc -0.1966 Tw (resource pack. Booklet eight. Kriti resource centre, Lucknow, India) Tj 270 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 73 0 obj 8476 endobj 71 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 55 0 R /Resources << /Font 74 0 R /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 72 0 R >> endobj 74 0 obj << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F2 10 0 R /F3 39 0 R /F5 49 0 R /F8 68 0 R >> endobj 76 0 obj << /Length 77 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (17) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.0946 Tc 0.5946 Tw (larger issue of ) Tj 72.75 0 TD /F1 12 Tf 0.0049 Tc 0.8133 Tw (the transformatory role of education which is to introduce new ideas ) Tj -72.75 -13.5 TD -0.198 Tc -0.552 Tw (and ) Tj 21.75 0 TD -0.0593 Tc 0.3092 Tw (to change society, not merely to reflect existing biases or ways of thinking) Tj 374.25 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.013 Tc 0.388 Tw (, which ) Tj -396 -14.25 TD -0.0123 Tc 0.2623 Tw (is sometimes regressive. It is useful here to consider the example of dowry. Many parents ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0888 Tc 1.1888 Tw (may not think it is wrong to give or take dowry. However, the school curriculum wo) Tj 417 0 TD -0.112 Tc 0.862 Tw (uld ) Tj -417 -14.25 TD 0.0062 Tc 3.0474 Tw (have to create a learning situation where the widely practiced custom of dowry is ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0699 Tc 1.302 Tw (questioned. It is now in fact common for educational curriculum to introduce new ideas ) Tj T* -0.1507 Tc 0.5257 Tw (of gender equality.) Tj 90 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -90 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.0162 Tc -0.0162 Tw (It is against Indian culture and promotes corrupting Western v) Tj 311.25 0 TD -0.1008 Tc 0 Tw (alues) Tj 25.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -336.75 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0364 Tc 1.215 Tw (The ban against sexuality education invokes a vague notion of Indian culture that holds ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0603 Tc 1.0866 Tw (no weight. For one, there is no unified sense of Indian culture that exists. It is not only ) Tj T* 0.0096 Tc 0.3654 Tw (about tribal cultures which are meant to have less restrictive sexual) Tj 325.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD 0.025 Tc 0.225 Tw (practices. Even when ) Tj -328.5 -14.25 TD -0.0806 Tc 0.963 Tw (we contrast the urban and rural contexts, we find a difference. In rural areas sexuality is ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0096 Tc 1.0513 Tw (much less of a strictly private matter. An indicator of this is the humour related to sex ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0515 Tc 1.9801 Tw (and sexuality that children are allowed to witness) Tj 248.25 0 TD -0.0362 Tc 1.8175 Tw (, be it in \221bawdy\222 marriage songs or ) Tj -248.25 -13.5 TD -0.057 Tc 0.807 Tw (jokes and banter amongst adults. There are similar differences related to class, caste and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0716 Tc 0.9823 Tw (most importantly of education. Anxieties related to sex and sexuality are highest among ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0067 Tc 2.7067 Tw (the more educated. Modernity, the noti) Tj 199.5 0 TD -0.0041 Tc 2.4791 Tw (on of what it means to be civilized, seem to ) Tj -199.5 -13.5 TD 0.0145 Tc 0.7355 Tw (militate against an engagement with issues sexuality. Secondly, there are discriminatory ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.014 Tc 0.8175 Tw (and abusive practices within Indian culture. It becomes difficult to justify the \221purity\222 or ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0394 Tc 3.4144 Tw (moral superiority of the Indi) Tj 147.75 0 TD -0.0206 Tc 3.0206 Tw (an family when violence, abuse and discrimination are ) Tj -147.75 -13.5 TD -0.0799 Tc 3.0299 Tw (condoned and sanctioned in the name of tradition or religion. Thirdly, even as we ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0548 Tc 2.4779 Tw (recognize that the current focus on Hiv/aids within adolescence education in India is ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0762 Tc 4.0762 Tw (related to a global push to work) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 180.75 0 TD -0.1054 Tc 4.1963 Tw (on this area, we need to see that in an era of) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -180.75 -14.25 TD -0.0662 Tc 3.2069 Tw (globalization, this is happening in most spheres. It is difficult to justify a purist, ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0213 Tc 1.6619 Tw (nationalist position vis a vis only sex education. There are those who are against sex ) Tj T* -0.0633 Tc 1.7133 Tw (education but are clearly not ag) Tj 157.5 0 TD -0.072 Tc 1.7595 Tw (ainst inviting foreign investments in India, or soliciting ) Tj -157.5 -14.25 TD -0.0356 Tc 3.0356 Tw (funds from Western sources for a range of social, political and cultural events and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0655 Tc 0.0655 Tw (institutions. ) Tj 59.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -5.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj -54 -13.5 TD /F2 12 Tf 0.0653 Tc 1.3878 Tw (Sex is natural and knowledge about it is acquired naturally so there is no need for ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.083 Tc -0.083 Tw (sexuality edu) Tj 66 0 TD 0.013 Tc 0 Tw (cation) Tj 30 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -96 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.1215 Tc 1.7621 Tw (We have argued how sex and sexuality, like gender, is not natural but determined by a ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0247 Tc 2.2747 Tw (wide range of social, economic and cultural factors. \221Naturally\222 acquired knowledge ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0402 Tc 1.6556 Tw (means messages about sex and sexuality which are in keeping with the existing ) Tj 403.5 0 TD 0.084 Tc -0.084 Tw (social ) Tj -403.5 -13.5 TD -0.0258 Tc 0.8258 Tw (order. Moreover because of the sense of shame and secrecy accorded to sexuality, even ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0902 Tc 0.406 Tw (adults have all kinds of questions, fears, myths that they often have no way of addressing. ) Tj 441.75 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -445.5 -14.25 TD /F0 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15.75 TD -0.0985 Tc 0.4735 Tw (The TARSHI telephone helpline ) Tj 158.25 0 TD -0.0105 Tc 0.3855 Tw (provides information, counselling) Tj 162.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0252 Tc 0.2127 Tw (and referrals on a ) Tj ET 84 180.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 180.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 180.75 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 180.75 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 180.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 166.5 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 166.5 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 156 TD -0.0331 Tc 0.1695 Tw (range of sexuality, sexual and reproductive health and rights issues. \221) Tj 334.5 0 TD -0.083 Tc 0.083 Tw (Talking about ) Tj ET 84 153 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 153 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 142.5 TD -0.0529 Tc 0.0529 Tw (Sexuality\222, ) Tj 54.75 0 TD -0.0591 Tc 0.3475 Tw (a report of preliminary findings from the TARSHI helpline. The Helpline has ) Tj ET 84 138.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 138.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 128.25 TD -0.0563 Tc 0.2438 Tw (recorded over 57,000 calls ) Tj 130.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 125.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 125.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 114.75 TD -0.0343 Tc 0.0343 Tw (between February 14, 1996 and Oct) Tj 171 0 TD 0.0387 Tc -0.0387 Tw (ober 10, 2007 ) Tj 70.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 111 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 111 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 100.5 TD ( ) Tj ET 84 96 0.75 0.75 re f 84 96 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 96 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 96 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 96 0.75 0.75 re f 84 96.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 96.75 0.75 14.25 re f endstream endobj 77 0 obj 6797 endobj 75 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 55 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F2 10 0 R /F3 39 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 76 0 R >> endobj 79 0 obj << /Length 80 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (18) Tj ET Q BT 90 708 TD -0.0859 Tc 0.4359 Tw (The data shows that here is an urgent need for information about sex and sexuality. ) Tj ET 84 719.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 719.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 719.25 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 719.25 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 719.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 705 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 705 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 694.5 TD -0.0585 Tc 0.371 Tw (Common myths and misconceptions related to sexuality that are encountered on the ) Tj ET 84 690.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 690.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 680.25 TD 0.0373 Tc 0 Tw (Helpline:) Tj 45 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj ET 84 677.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 677.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 666.75 TD ( ) Tj ET 84 663 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 663 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 652.5 TD -0.0063 Tc 0.1134 Tw (Nocturnal emissions are a sign of weakness/illness that) Tj 264.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 649.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 649.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 639 TD -0.207 Tc 0.582 Tw (need to ) Tj 37.5 0 TD -0.06 Tc 0.06 Tw (be cured.) Tj 44.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 636 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 636 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 625.5 TD -0.0783 Tc 0.4533 Tw (Condoms reduce pleasure.) Tj 126.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 621.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 621.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 611.25 TD -0.0443 Tc 0.2109 Tw (Condoms are only for those who want to avoid pregnancies.) Tj 288.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 608.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 608.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 597.75 TD -0.0949 Tc 0.5949 Tw (Masturbation is harmful ) Tj 118.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0792 Tc 0.3292 Tw (it causes weakness, pimples,) Tj 136.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 594 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 594 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 583.5 TD -0.0342 Tc 0.3155 Tw (and dark circles under the eyes, infertility and sexual) Tj 253.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 580.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 580.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 570 TD -0.046 Tc (problems.) Tj 48 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj ET 84 567 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 567 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 556.5 TD -0.1183 Tc 0.6183 Tw (Women do not masturbate.) Tj 129.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 552.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 552.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 542.25 TD -0.2023 Tc 0.9523 Tw (Sex with a virgin) Tj 81.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0282 Tc 0.2782 Tw (cures STDs and AIDS.) Tj 111 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 539.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 539.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 528.75 TD -0.072 Tc 0.4129 Tw (The intact hymen is a sign of virginity/ a woman who does) Tj 282.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 525 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 525 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 514.5 TD -0.108 Tc 0.5247 Tw (not bleed on the \221wedding night\222 is not a virgin.) Tj 229.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 511.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 511.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 501 TD -0.1283 Tc 0.6056 Tw (It is a woman\222s duty to have sex with her husband whenever) Tj 290.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 498 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 498 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 487.5 TD -0.1911 Tc 0.6911 Tw (he wants her to.) Tj 75.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 483.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 483.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 473.25 TD -0.0657 Tc 0.399 Tw (Oral sex can lead to pregnancy \(if semen is ingest) Tj 238.5 0 TD -0.081 Tc 0 Tw (ed\).) Tj 18.75 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj ET 84 470.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 470.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 459.75 TD -0.1052 Tc 0.4802 Tw (Anal sex cannot lead to conception. Anal sex is safe sex.) Tj 272.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 456 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 456 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 445.5 TD -0.0571 Tc 0.3071 Tw (Premature ejaculation can be \221cured\222 by medicines.) Tj 246 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 442.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 442.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 432 TD -0.1973 Tc 0.1973 Tw (Only peno) Tj 49.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.1208 Tc 0.6833 Tw (vaginal intercourse is \221real\222 sex.) Tj 153.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 429 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 429 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 418.5 TD -0.1152 Tc 0.5318 Tw (Sex between two men is not sex but \221masti\222 \(play\).) Tj 243.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 414.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 414.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 404.25 TD -0.0415 Tc 0.1487 Tw (Oral/anal sex is considered wrong/bad, or at b) Tj 219.75 0 TD -0.1145 Tc 0.8645 Tw (est forbidden,) Tj 66.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 401.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 401.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 390.75 TD -0.0892 Tc 0.4643 Tw (yet it is practised, leading to guilt and shame.) Tj 217.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 387 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 387 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 376.5 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj ET 84 373.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 373.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 363 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0339 Tc 0.3339 Tw (42.6% of calls received on the helpline were from people between) Tj 317.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0195 Tc 0.0195 Tw (the ages of 15 and 24 ) Tj ET 84 360 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 360 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 349.5 TD -0.095 Tc 0 Tw (years.) Tj 28.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj ET 84 345.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 345.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 335.25 TD /F3 12 Tf ( ) Tj ET 84 332.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 332.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 321.75 TD -0.0037 Tc -0.0796 Tw (An 18 year old English speaking man wanted to thank) Tj 259.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 318 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 318 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 307.5 TD 0.0238 Tc -0.0238 Tw (the counsellor for biology information on th) Tj 211.5 0 TD 0.0073 Tc -0.0073 Tw (e female and male) Tj 87.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 304.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 304.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 294 TD -0.0058 Tc 0.0058 Tw (genitals and also the reproductive system and its functions. He is) Tj 312.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 291 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 291 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 280.5 TD -0.0044 Tc -0.0638 Tw (a student of Class XII Science from a prominent school in Delhi.) Tj 309.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 276.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 276.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 266.25 TD ( ) Tj ET 84 261.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 261.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 261.75 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 261.75 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 261.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 262.5 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 262.5 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 251.25 TD /F0 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0441 Tc 0.9816 Tw (There is clearly a need for sexuality education in a world where: children are abused by ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0697 Tc 0.8197 Tw (people they kno) Tj 78 0 TD -0.0331 Tc 1.0716 Tw (w and trust; girls are forced into marriage and sex without their consent ) Tj -78 -13.5 TD -0.0549 Tc 1.7893 Tw (and then expected to bear children when they are physically not ready for it; boys are ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0111 Tc 1.5111 Tw (made fearful of their bodies and desires during adolescence; pornography becomes the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1753 Tc 3.9253 Tw (only sourc) Tj 52.5 0 TD -0.0251 Tc 2.957 Tw (e of information on sexuality; the disabled, transgendered and queer face ) Tj -52.5 -14.25 TD -0.0555 Tc 0.3555 Tw (violence, discrimination and fear for their different desires and needs. ) Tj 337.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -337.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.0745 Tc 0.3245 Tw (SECTION 4: CURRENT CHALLENGES) Tj ET 90 138 216 1.5 re f BT 306 141 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -216 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0259 Tc 2.8009 Tw (\223Sexuality is addressed in a problematic manner in educational materials,\224 ) Tj 3 Tc 0 Tw (n) Tj 392.25 0 TD 0.072 Tc 1.428 Tw (otes the ) Tj -392.25 -14.25 TD -0.0299 Tc 2.2799 Tw (Working Group Report on Empowerment of Women, Ministry of ) Tj 339 0 TD -0.0766 Tc 2.7016 Tw (Women and Child) Tj 93 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -432 -13.5 TD -0.0755 Tc 2.3255 Tw (Development. ) Tj 77.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 6 0 TD -0.0623 Tc 2.3123 Tw (\223It is either related to population or reproductive health or seen as a ) Tj ET endstream endobj 80 0 obj 7935 endobj 78 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 55 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F3 39 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 79 0 R >> endobj 83 0 obj << /Length 84 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (19) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.0382 Tc 0.7882 Tw (problem associated with promiscuity and shame.\224 \(pg 111\). While there are a number of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0014 Tc 0.1377 Tw (organizations producing sexuality education materials and conducting programs not all of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.03 Tc 1.83 Tw (them are informed by a holistic, rights based perspective on sexuality. As a result the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0074 Tc 0.8926 Tw (content of such programs either reinforces values, stereotypes and negative ass) Tj 387.75 0 TD -0.0532 Tc 0.8032 Tw (umptions ) Tj -387.75 -14.25 TD -0.0833 Tc 0.4166 Tw (that do little to really inform or support youth. ) Tj 225 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -225 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0032 Tc 0.961 Tw (For the purpose of indepth analysis of the current approach and materials the following ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0525 Tc 0.8025 Tw (material was reviewed:) Tj 111 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -93 -13.5 TD /F6 12 Tf 0.036 Tc (l) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.071 Tc 0.571 Tw (Adolescence Education in Schools) Tj 166.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -202.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 9 0 TD -0.0358 Tc 0.2233 Tw (Package of basic materials, NCERT,1999) Tj 200.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -191.25 -13.5 TD /F6 12 Tf 0.036 Tc (l) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.1553 Tc 3.9052 Tw (Yuva Scho) Tj 56.25 0 TD -0.066 Tc 4.316 Tw (ol Adolescence Education Programme) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 201.75 0 TD (\226) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj 7.5 0 TD -0.034 Tc 4.159 Tw (Handbooks for teachers,) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj -271.5 -13.5 TD -0.0586 Tc 2.8086 Tw (Volumes 1 and 2, Department of Education, Delhi, Delhi State Aids Control ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0625 Tc 0 Tw (Society,2005) Tj 63 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -81 -13.5 TD /F6 12 Tf 0.036 Tc (l) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0904 Tc 0.3716 Tw (The blue book \(15+\) and The red book \(10) Tj 204.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0111 Tc (14\)Tarshi,1999) Tj 74.25 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -301.5 -14.25 TD /F6 12 Tf 0.036 Tc (l) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0331 Tc 1.1581 Tw (Adolescence Education Programme) Tj 173.25 0 TD 0.504 Tc 0 Tw (---) Tj 13.5 0 TD -0.1599 Tc 1.6599 Tw (Teachers workbook,) Tj 96.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD 0.0504 Tc 0.6996 Tw (Facilitators Handbook ) Tj -287.25 -13.5 TD -0.0492 Tc 5.5805 Tw (for Training Peer Educators, Facilitators Handbook for Refresher Teacher) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0 Tc 0.2495 Tw (Training, Flip Chart, Unicef) Tj 134.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.126 Tc (NACO) Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -191.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj ET 1 1 0 rg 90 457.5 66.75 14.25 re f BT 90 461.25 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.2082 Tc 0.9582 Tw (Also from mp) Tj 66.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.07 Tc 0.5388 Tw (The materials developed by Government agencies include the following:) Tj 349.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -420 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 18 -13.5 TD 1 0 0 rg (1.) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0234 Tc 0.0234 Tw (Kishoravastha Shiksha, SCERT, 2000.) Tj 186 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -204 -13.5 TD (2.) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0804 Tc 0 Tw (Jeeva) Tj 27 0 TD -0.0269 Tc 0.0269 Tw (n Ke Liye Shiksha , MPSAC, 2003) Tj 168.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -213.75 -14.25 TD 0 0 0 rg (3.) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD 1 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0.0079 Tc 0.1171 Tw (Kishoravastha Shiksha mein Kaushal Vikas Samabandhi Prashikshan) Tj 333 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0492 Tc 0.0492 Tw (Rajya ) Tj -336 -13.5 TD -0.0317 Tc 0.0317 Tw (Shiksha Kendra, 2005) Tj 105.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0 Tc (06) Tj 12 0 TD 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 3 0 TD ( ) Tj -143.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj -18 -13.5 TD 1 0 0 rg -0.0758 Tc 0.4508 Tw (The materials developed by the NGOs include the following:) Tj 293.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -275.25 -13.5 TD (1.) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0638 Tc 0.2513 Tw (Beti Kare Sawal, Eklavya, 1997.) Tj 156.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -174.75 -14.25 TD (2.) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0789 Tc 0.5789 Tw (Samajik Lingbhed or Hum) Tj 127.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD 0.0625 Tc 0.6875 Tw (Sahyogini Tru) Tj 69 0 TD 0.0351 Tc -0.0351 Tw (st, 2003 ) Tj 42 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -259.5 -13.5 TD (3.) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0405 Tc -0.2095 Tw (Kishori Swasthya Karyakram ) Tj 144 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0684 Tc 0.4434 Tw (Ek prayog, \(an unpublished report\) Eklavya, 2002) Tj 240.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -412.5 -14.25 TD (4.) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0608 Tc 0.3421 Tw (Kishoron Ke Mukh Se, \(an unpublished report\) Eklavya, 2002) Tj 299.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -317.25 -13.5 TD (5.) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0448 Tc -0.0448 Tw (Bhavishya Ka Chunav) Tj 107.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 6 0 TD -0.0164 Tc 0.0164 Tw (CEDPA India, 2003) Tj 97.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -228.75 -13.5 TD (6.) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0757 Tc 0.4091 Tw (\221Ladki Sayani Ho Gai\222 \(Slide show\),Marathi Vigyan Parishad, Mumbai \(us) Tj 360.75 0 TD -0.1035 Tc 0.4785 Tw (ed in ) Tj -360.75 -14.25 TD -0.0672 Tc 0.0672 Tw (M.P.\) ) Tj 30 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -48 -13.5 TD (7.) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0313 Tc 0.1563 Tw (\221Paro Ki Kahani\222 \(Flip Charts\), Care India) Tj 204 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -240 -14.25 TD /F1 12 Tf ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0969 Tc 0.3969 Tw (Jaya please choose the relevant stuff.) Tj 177.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 1 1 0 rg 90 209.25 82.5 14.25 re f BT 90 213 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.012 Tc 0.387 Tw (And west Bengal) Tj 82.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -82.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj ET 1 1 0 rg 90 181.5 279.75 14.25 re f BT 90 185.25 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.0338 Tc 0.1171 Tw (Paromita and anu please add to the analysis and examples.) Tj 279.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -283.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15 TD -0.077 Tc 0.527 Tw (Key concerns related to materials reviewed) Tj 207.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 167.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 167.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 167.25 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 167.25 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 167.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 153 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 153 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 142.5 TD -0.0159 Tc 0.1659 Tw (1. INSTRUMENTALIST NATURE OF THE MATERIA) Tj 277.5 0 TD -0.252 Tc 0.252 Tw (LS ) Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 138.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 138.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 128.25 TD -0.0286 Tc 0.2536 Tw (Needs and interests of young people not central to the approach) Tj 305.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 125.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 125.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 114.75 TD -0.0495 Tc 0.0495 Tw (2.OVERWHELMING FOCUS ON HIV AIDS) Tj 225.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 111 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 111 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 100.5 TD -0.0216 Tc 0.2091 Tw (Content as well as approach dominated by the agenda of HIV AIDs prevention) Tj 378.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 96 0.75 0.75 re f 84 96 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 96 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 96 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 96 0.75 0.75 re f 84 96.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 96.75 0.75 14.25 re f endstream endobj 84 0 obj 7642 endobj 81 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F5 49 0 R /F6 58 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 83 0 R >> endobj 86 0 obj << /Length 87 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (20) Tj ET Q BT 90 708 TD 0.0341 Tc 1.4659 Tw (3. FOCUS ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH NOT SEXUAL HEALTH OR SEXUAL ) Tj ET 84 719.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 719.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 719.25 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 719.25 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 719.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 705 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 705 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 694.5 TD -0.222 Tc 0 Tw (RIGHTS) Tj 43.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj ET 84 690.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 690.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 680.25 TD 0.0164 Tc 0.3586 Tw (Issues of sex) Tj 61.5 0 TD -0.1113 Tc 0.4863 Tw (uality from a rights perspective do not find space in the material ) Tj 310.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 677.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 677.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 666.75 TD -0.0039 Tc (4.DISCIPLINE/CONTROL) Tj 134.25 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj ET 84 663 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 663 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 652.5 TD -0.0071 Tc 0.1143 Tw (Wide ranging rules about daily life and sexuality) Tj 234.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 649.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 649.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 639 TD -0.0402 Tc 0.7902 Tw (Fear inducing approach) Tj 113.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 636 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 636 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 625.5 TD -0.0312 Tc 0.1812 Tw (5. INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY NOT SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY) Tj 365.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 621.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 621.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 611.25 TD -0.0024 Tc 1.1274 Tw (In placing the responsibility on the in) Tj 185.25 0 TD 0.0045 Tc 1.0268 Tw (dividual students are not enabled to understand in ) Tj ET 84 608.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 608.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 597.75 TD -0.0611 Tc 0.3111 Tw (what way social institutions are accountable ) Tj 214.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 594 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 594 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 583.5 TD -0.0354 Tc 0.1291 Tw (6.NO SPACE FOR POSITIVE ASPECTS OF SEXUALITY ) Tj 298.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 580.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 580.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 570 TD -0.0779 Tc 0.4529 Tw (Even when desire is acknowledged it is sought to be controlled.) Tj 306 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 567 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 567 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 556.5 TD -0.0706 Tc 0.4456 Tw (Many \221strategies\222 suggested to deal with \221tempta) Tj 234 0 TD -0.3336 Tc 0 Tw (tion\222) Tj 22.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj ET 84 552.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 552.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 542.25 TD -0.0374 Tc 0.0374 Tw (7.NO RECOGNITION OF DIVERSITY ) Tj 201.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 539.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 539.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 528.75 TD -0.0099 Tc 0.0099 Tw (Normalizing and essentializing representation of realities.) Tj 277.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 525 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 525 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 514.5 TD -0.0247 Tc 0.2747 Tw (No recognition of diversity in terms of) Tj 185.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 511.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 511.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 501 TD 0.12 Tc -0.12 Tw (The body) Tj 45.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 498 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 498 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 487.5 TD 0.0456 Tc -0.0456 Tw (Gender diversity) Tj 80.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 483.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 483.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 473.25 TD -0.0751 Tc 0.8251 Tw (Intimate relationships) Tj 104.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 470.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 470.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 459.75 TD -0.0568 Tc 0.0568 Tw (Sexual desires) Tj 69 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 456 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 456 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 445.5 TD -0.0398 Tc 0.4148 Tw (8. INADEQUATE ENGAGEMENT WITH GENDER) Tj 262.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 442.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 442.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 432 TD 0.0274 Tc 1.4726 Tw (Superficial engag) Tj 84.75 0 TD -0.062 Tc 1.8953 Tw (ement with gender, insufficient focus on gender based discrimination, ) Tj ET 84 429 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 429 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 418.5 TD -0.0413 Tc 0.0413 Tw (no social analysis) Tj 84.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 413.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 413.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 413.25 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 413.25 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 413.25 0.75 0.75 re f 84 414 0.75 15 re f 527.25 414 0.75 15 re f BT 90 402.75 TD ( ) Tj 18 -13.5 TD 1 0 0 rg (4.) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf -0.097 Tc 0.4499 Tw (What follows are the findings of the review of the materials. We have tried to use ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0723 Tc 0.3401 Tw (illustrative examples as much as possible, in order to convey in a more direct ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.362 Tc 0 Tw (man) Tj 21 0 TD -0.0938 Tc 0.3938 Tw (ner, the trends that have emerged from the review. These are examples that ) Tj -21 -13.5 TD -0.0857 Tc 0.5232 Tw (reflect commonalities in the materials. The review revealed that there were ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0756 Tc 0.4217 Tw (certain ways in which the earlier material is different from the newer material ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0906 Tc 0.0906 Tw (review. Through examp) Tj 117.75 0 TD -0.1038 Tc 0.5128 Tw (les we have also tried to highlight this specificity. The ) Tj -117.75 -14.25 TD -0.0949 Tc 0.5949 Tw (older material refers to the NCERT Adolescence Education in schools, 1999 and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0656 Tc 0.4406 Tw (the newer material refers to YUVA Adolescence Education Programme, 2005 ) Tj ET 1 1 0 rg 232.5 275.25 81.75 14.25 re f 321 275.25 187.5 14.25 re f BT 126 279 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.1041 Tc 0.6041 Tw (lifeskills west Bengal ) Tj 106.5 0 TD -0.0825 Tc 0.5825 Tw (full title and year) Tj 81.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (, ) Tj 6.75 0 TD -0.302 Tc (nee) Tj 15.75 0 TD -0.0072 Tc 0.2572 Tw (d to categorize and add mp material) Tj 171.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD 1 0 0 rg ( ) Tj -422.25 -14.25 TD -0.0775 Tc 1.6846 Tw (The material developed by the government consists of Teacher Guides to be used with ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0747 Tc 4.6428 Tw (school going adolescents which has been developed by the SCERT and MPSAC) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.037 Tc 0.7963 Tw (\(Madhya Pradesh State AIDS Control Society between the period ) Tj 327.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (2000) Tj 24 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0316 Tc 0.3434 Tw (2006.The NGO ) Tj -356.25 -13.5 TD -0.069 Tc 2.319 Tw (material is of various kinds ) Tj 144.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.03 Tc 2.53 Tw (teacher guides, booklets for adolescents, and teaching) Tj 270.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -426.75 -13.5 TD 0 Tc 1.6248 Tw (learning materials. These materials have been developed between the period 1997 and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (2003) Tj 24 0 TD ( ) Tj -24 -13.5 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.0292 Tc 2.4837 Tw (Although only a handful of such examples can be used here, ther) Tj 336.75 0 TD 0.0547 Tc 1.8203 Tw (e are several other ) Tj -336.75 -14.25 TD -0.0408 Tc 1.0555 Tw (examples for each of the findings that can be drawn upon. We have commented on the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.007 Tc 0.993 Tw (red and blue books published by Tarshi separately since in many ways they represent a ) Tj T* -0.0837 Tc 0.9087 Tw (different approach to sexuality education than the rest of the mat) Tj 313.5 0 TD -0.0734 Tc 0.9734 Tw (erial reviewed. There is ) Tj -313.5 -14.25 TD -0.0334 Tc 1.0512 Tw (also a separate box highlighting the specificities of the Unicef and Naco material which ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0154 Tc 0.3684 Tw (has been banned in several states. Before sharing the key findings of the review, it needs ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1245 Tc 1.1245 Tw (to be stated that the majority of the material is) Tj 225 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.1224 Tc 1.1224 Tw (aimed at teachers and is not for direct use ) Tj -228.75 -13.5 TD -0.055 Tc 0.2425 Tw (by young people themselves. ) Tj 142.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 87 0 obj 7850 endobj 85 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F5 49 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 86 0 R >> endobj 89 0 obj << /Length 90 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (21) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0287 Tc 0.1537 Tw (1. INSTRUMENTALIST NATURE OF THE MATERIALS ) Tj 294.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -294.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0908 Tc 2.3407 Tw (The material is informed by objectives such as prevention of Hiv/aids and population ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0376 Tc 2.6209 Tw (control. The needs and interests of young people) Tj 261 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.0569 Tc 2.086 Tw (are not central to the content or ) Tj -266.25 -13.5 TD -0.0678 Tc 1.7286 Tw (approach of the materials. The instrumentalist nature of the objectives has been stated ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0683 Tc 0.2933 Tw (clearly by the bodies that have published the material. ) Tj 264.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -264.75 -13.5 TD -0.0925 Tc 0.5016 Tw (\223The demand \(for adolescence education\) has gained momentum in view of the) Tj 381 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.1423 Tc -0.6077 Tw (growing ) Tj -384.75 -14.25 TD -0.0307 Tc 0.1379 Tw (problems relating to the sexual behaviour of adolescents and the arrival of aids pandemic ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0671 Tc 0.3171 Tw (has added the element of urgency to this need.\224 ) Tj 231 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -231 -13.5 TD -0.1665 Tc 0.5415 Tw (NCERT I, 3) Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -58.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0923 Tc 2.5423 Tw (In the more recent material, as represented by Yuva, the objective of creating a well ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0918 Tc 0 Tw (discipline) Tj 45.75 0 TD -0.0743 Tc 1.805 Tw (d young person who will work for certain pre determined societal goals \(safe ) Tj -45.75 -13.5 TD -0.0926 Tc 1.6926 Tw (goals, which do not raise fundamental issues of justice and equity in society\) is clearly ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0335 Tc 0.0335 Tw (articulated. ) Tj 57 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -57 -14.25 TD -0.0497 Tc 2.2247 Tw (\223The developing adolescent can be engaged actively in learning experiences ) Tj 390 0 TD 0.0098 Tc 1.4902 Tw (that will ) Tj -390 -13.5 TD -0.0291 Tc 1.0099 Tw (enable him/her for example to practice basic hygiene and sanitation practices, listen and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0101 Tc 0.2601 Tw (communicate effectively in relationships, practice abstinence and safe sex or advocate for ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0041 Tc 0.1459 Tw (a tobacco free school or community.\224) Tj 180.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -180.75 -13.5 TD -0.1455 Tc 0.5205 Tw (Yuva, I, xviii) Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -63.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.1332 Tc -0.1332 Tw (2.FOCUS ON H) Tj 80.25 0 TD -0.276 Tc 0.276 Tw (IV AIDS) Tj 43.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -123.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.059 Tc 1.8475 Tw (The instrumentalist logic becomes even more clear in specific statements that relate to ) Tj T* -0.0447 Tc 0 Tw (HIV/AIDs.) Tj 54 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -54 -14.25 TD -0.0657 Tc 0.3542 Tw (\223If the adolescents are not looked after properly... mortality will increase....the loss, in ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1291 Tc 0.6291 Tw (social and in monetary terms, to the nation is colossal.) Tj 259.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0662 Tc 0.2162 Tw (The devastating impacts of HIV ) Tj -263.25 -14.25 TD -0.0624 Tc 0.3303 Tw (on individual, family and national development are well known. Thus reaching out to the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0495 Tc 0.2103 Tw (adolescents provides an opportunity to reduce the incidence of HIV and the total burden ) Tj T* -0.0932 Tc 0.3432 Tw (of disease in the country.\224 \(p. xviii, Yuva Vol ) Tj 222 0 TD -0.082 Tc 0 Tw (1\).) Tj 13.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -235.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0572 Tc 0.4791 Tw (The focus on HIV/AIDS is reflected in the extent to which concerns related to the disease ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.034 Tc 1.887 Tw (dominate the content. The other manner in which this focus plays itself out is in the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0976 Tc 1.0522 Tw (moralistic and fear based approach of the material \(detailed later\). Thes) Tj 350.25 0 TD 0.021 Tc 0.729 Tw (e approaches are ) Tj -350.25 -13.5 TD -0.0775 Tc 2.3743 Tw (being deployed in order to bring about behavior change in the young people. In the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1184 Tc 1.1497 Tw (newer material this has also meant a more detailed \(what is often referred in a somewhat ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1239 Tc 4.0989 Tw (loaded manner as \221explicit\222 \) sharing of information about the ana) Tj 350.25 0 TD -0.0345 Tc 2.7845 Tw (tomy and about ) Tj -350.25 -14.25 TD -0.0492 Tc 0.3139 Tw (condom use. The push towards talking about sex in a more direct manner combines with ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0477 Tc 0.8977 Tw (unresolved anxieties to create stark contradictions in the material. On the same page we ) Tj T* -0.0189 Tc 4.6126 Tw (find exhortations that young people should practice abstinence ) Tj 4.422 Tc 0 Tw (a) Tj 345 0 TD -0.138 Tc 5.138 Tw (nd we also find) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj -345 -14.25 TD -0.0572 Tc 0.2447 Tw (information about condom use. ) Tj 153 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -153 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1201 Tc 1.0907 Tw (One of the reasons for these contradictions lies in the fact that the push for the HIV/Aids ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0786 Tc 1.8286 Tw (agenda has come from the West. In the context of globalization, any phenomenon is a ) Tj ET endstream endobj 90 0 obj 5455 endobj 88 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 89 0 R >> endobj 92 0 obj << /Length 93 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (22) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.2174 Tc 2.0924 Tw (mix of the global and the local.) Tj 156 0 TD 0 Tc 1.5 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD -0.1305 Tc 1.693 Tw (This is not unique to Hiv aids, and neither is a global ) Tj -165 -13.5 TD -0.0116 Tc 0.3033 Tw (push in any context, in and of itself problematic. Also such a push could have created an ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0415 Tc 1.4344 Tw (opportunity to open up discussions on sexuality, including within the education sector. ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0096 Tc 0.7596 Tw (Instead our respo) Tj 84.75 0 TD -0.0066 Tc 1.1316 Tw (nse has been knee jerk. We have not worked through how we should ) Tj -84.75 -14.25 TD 0.0162 Tc 2.3838 Tw (address Hiv aids and related issues of sexuality. This shows through clearly in the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0189 Tc 3.0725 Tw (material reviewed, much of which seems to have been the product of \221cutting and ) Tj T* -0.0976 Tc 0.5976 Tw (pasting\222 from various doc) Tj 123.75 0 TD -0.1311 Tc 0.1311 Tw (uments. ) Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -164.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0583 Tc 1.8082 Tw (Even with the limited agenda of Hiv aids prevention the material is lacking in several ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0149 Tc 1.5149 Tw (respects. Behaviour change is a complex and highly challenging objective. Moralistic ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1229 Tc 2.5979 Tw (messages that are unlinked to people\222s lived realities will certainly no) Tj 353.25 0 TD -0.0484 Tc 1.1734 Tw (t be effectively. ) Tj -353.25 -13.5 TD 0.0107 Tc 0.2036 Tw (Urging young people to practice abstinence, other than being problematic in and of itself, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0024 Tc 0.3357 Tw (is also not a particularly appropriate strategy given that in India the spread of Hiv aids is ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1218 Tc 2.7468 Tw (mostly within marriage. The material is also blind) Tj 258.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.0343 Tc 2.1343 Tw (to the specific vulnerabilities and ) Tj -264 -14.25 TD -0.0623 Tc 3.1248 Tw (human rights violations faced by individuals and communities based on gender and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0909 Tc 2.4034 Tw (sexuality related marginalization. This includes women, sex workers and MSM, men ) Tj T* -0.0883 Tc 1.111 Tw (who have sex with men. Even in terms of information, th) Tj 282.75 0 TD -0.0609 Tc 0.9359 Tw (e material is reluctant to touch ) Tj -282.75 -14.25 TD -0.022 Tc 0.375 Tw (the issue of condoms. Information on how to use condoms has been provided only in the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.082 Tc 0.457 Tw (banned material. ) Tj 83.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -83.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0493 Tc 0.7993 Tw (3. FOCUS ON ISSUES OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH NOT SEXUAL HEALTH OR ) Tj T* -0.18 Tc 0.93 Tw (SEXUAL RIGHTS) Tj 93.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -93.75 -14.25 TD -0.0971 Tc 0.8471 Tw (The material has given much more importa) Tj 209.25 0 TD 0.0079 Tc 0.2733 Tw (nce to concerns related to reproduction rather ) Tj -209.25 -13.5 TD 0.0017 Tc 3.2028 Tw (than sexuality, in keeping with the objectives of disease prevention and population) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.007 Tc 1.6336 Tw (control. One cannot even say that the focus of the material is on reproductive health ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1096 Tc 1.181 Tw (because that is an arena which is muc) Tj 185.25 0 TD -0.0539 Tc 0.9705 Tw (h broader than the issues that the material address. ) Tj -185.25 -13.5 TD -0.0673 Tc 0.911 Tw (Sexuality is addressed only in order to urge young people to control their sexual desires. ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0958 Tc 1.2208 Tw (In the more recent material, the other context in which sexuality is addressed is in terms ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.093 Tc 1.0305 Tw (of allaying some of ) Tj 100.5 0 TD -0.0881 Tc 1.5881 Tw (the fears experienced by young boys as they relate to masturbation ) Tj -100.5 -14.25 TD -0.1394 Tc 0.3894 Tw (and wet dreams. ) Tj 81 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -81 -13.5 TD 1 0 0 rg -0.0877 Tc 0.0877 Tw (Focus on STDs and AIDS) Tj ET 90 293.25 125.25 0.75 re f BT 215.25 295.5 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -125.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.04 Tc 0.3127 Tw (The discussion on disease is limited to sexually transmitted diseases and HIV) Tj 371.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.1992 Tc 0.1992 Tw (AIDS. ) Tj -375.75 -13.5 TD -0.0551 Tc 0.3051 Tw (Most students have little information about STDs. The brief pre) Tj 305.25 0 TD -0.0957 Tc 0.6582 Tw (sentation in the guides ) Tj -305.25 -14.25 TD -0.1045 Tc 0.542 Tw (only evokes fear. However students are advised not to indulge in homosexual ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0394 Tc 0.2537 Tw (relationships in order to protect themselves from STDs.) Tj 267 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -267 -13.5 TD -0.0726 Tc 0.4817 Tw (Girls generally have many questions about menstrual problems, vaginal infections, and ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1334 Tc 0.1334 Tw (urinary compla) Tj 72.75 0 TD -0.1493 Tc 0.8993 Tw (ints. These find no space here.) Tj 146.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -219 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.0868 Tc 1.6868 Tw (Material brought out by NGOs tends to have a greater focus on reproductive health, as ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1309 Tc 2.554 Tw (compared to government sponsored material which tends to focus much more on Hiv ) Tj T* -0.0694 Tc 1.7194 Tw (aids. However even the NGO material does not address sex) Tj 300.75 0 TD -0.1035 Tc 1.6035 Tw (ual health or sexual rights, ) Tj -300.75 -14.25 TD -0.064 Tc 10.189 Tw (although in terms of the language used the material tends to be as) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0358 Tc 0.2501 Tw (sexual/reproductive/health/rights, or some combination of these words. ) Tj 344.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -344.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 93 0 obj 5909 endobj 91 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 92 0 R >> endobj 95 0 obj << /Length 96 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (23) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0788 Tc 0.0788 Tw (4.DISCIPLINE AND CONTROL ) Tj 165.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -165.75 -14.25 TD 0.0166 Tc 0.8016 Tw (The desire to control the behaviour of young people and to ) Tj 294.75 0 TD -0.0243 Tc 0.9243 Tw (discipline them is a running ) Tj -294.75 -13.5 TD -0.0486 Tc 4.3611 Tw (theme in the more recent adolescent education material. This manifests itself in) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0957 Tc 0.6113 Tw (numerous ways. The material seeks to induce fear in young people. Adolescence itself is ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0379 Tc 0.145 Tw (presented as a traumatic phase of one\222s life.) Tj 210 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -210 -13.5 TD -0.1035 Tc 1.6035 Tw (\223Poor inf) Tj 45 0 TD 0.0343 Tc 0.8407 Tw (ormation and skills, lack of a safe and supportive environment, being sexually ) Tj -45 -14.25 TD -0.0677 Tc 4.7177 Tw (active, substance abuse, violence and injury, early and unintended pregnancy and) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0836 Tc 1.0067 Tw (infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted infections threaten the health and lives ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.2685 Tc 0.2685 Tw (of ad) Tj 23.25 0 TD -0.0642 Tc 0.5642 Tw (olescents\224 \(Yuva, 1, xvii\)) Tj 123.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -147 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.031 Tc 0.9893 Tw (There is an extremely long list of dos and donts that young people are meant to follow. ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0076 Tc 1.6951 Tw (Below is an example of the don\222ts that students are meant to observe before going to ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.11 Tc 0 Tw (sleep.) Tj 27.75 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -27.75 -14.25 TD -0.05 Tc 0.2642 Tw (\223Avoid beverages with caffeine such as coffee, ) Tj 228.75 0 TD -0.0047 Tc 0.0047 Tw (soda after 4 p.m.) Tj 81 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -309.75 -13.5 TD -0.0384 Tc 0.3718 Tw (Avoid interesting reading and computer games before going to bed.\224) Tj 330 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -330 -13.5 TD -0.0923 Tc 0.0923 Tw (Yuva, I, 8) Tj 48 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -12 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj -36 -13.5 TD -0.1068 Tc 0.4818 Tw (Abstinence is an oft repeated theme in the material.) Tj 246.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -246.75 -14.25 TD -0.0731 Tc 0.3731 Tw (\223There is a need to reinforce those social and cultural values that militate against pre ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1208 Tc 0.4958 Tw (marital and extra) Tj 80.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0199 Tc 0.1032 Tw (marital sexual relations and promote responsible sexual behavior and ) Tj -84 -13.5 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.1926 Tw (respect for the opposite sex.\224) Tj 139.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -139.5 -14.25 TD -0.072 Tc 0.072 Tw (Ncert,I ,8) Tj 45.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -45.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0409 Tc 1.1409 Tw (It is interesting to note that the arguments used to promote measures such as abstinence ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0046 Tc 3.0046 Tw (relate not only to preventing disease or avoiding preg) Tj 279 0 TD -0.0854 Tc 2.9604 Tw (nancy, but also to respect for ) Tj -279 -13.5 TD -0.0998 Tc 0.4331 Tw (opposite sex \(which in fact refers to girls\). ) Tj 209.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -209.25 -14.25 TD -0.0514 Tc 0.2389 Tw (\223By considering each other as \223sex symbol\224 adolescents cannot establish a lasting ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0649 Tc 0.4399 Tw (relationship between themselves. They have to appreciate that every individual has equal ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0195 Tc 0 Tw (self) Tj 16.5 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.336 Tc (w) Tj 8.25 0 TD -0.033 Tc 0.283 Tw (orth and human dignity\224) Tj 118.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -147.75 -13.5 TD -0.0813 Tc 0.0813 Tw (Ncert, II, 35) Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -58.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1155 Tc 0.5373 Tw (\223Sex drive has to be controlled, if it is to become a positive factor in defining ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0457 Tc 0.1707 Tw (interpersonal relationship with the opposite sex.\224 ) Tj 238.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -238.5 -14.25 TD -0.0813 Tc 0.0813 Tw (Ncert,II, 35) Tj 55.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -19.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj -36 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0779 Tc 0.4188 Tw (Why discipline and control are required is best captured by the foll) Tj 320.25 0 TD 0.0154 Tc -0.0154 Tw (owing quotations. ) Tj 90 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -410.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.048 Tc 0.2087 Tw (\223Sex drive is the basic instinct upon which depends the preservation and perpetuation of ) Tj -3 -14.25 TD -0.0883 Tc 0.38 Tw (the human race. It is not a means to gain sensual pleasure but a positive force in the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0779 Tc 0.3279 Tw (development of the personality of individuals. It is the anc) Tj 279.75 0 TD -0.0468 Tc 0.0468 Tw (hor to the partnership between ) Tj -279.75 -13.5 TD -0.0724 Tc 0.4762 Tw (man and woman who share interests and ideas, mutual acceptance of responsibilities, self ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0908 Tc 0.5523 Tw (realization and love. That is why society maintains close watch on the interactions ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0392 Tc 0.2892 Tw (between man and woman. Both are expected to conform) Tj 273 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0643 Tc 0.2786 Tw (to the societal codes or rules for ) Tj -276.75 -14.25 TD -0.0945 Tc 0.4159 Tw (the common good of society, for a happy family life and for individual\222s own ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0715 Tc 0 Tw (development.\224) Tj 70.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 96 0 obj 5565 endobj 94 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 95 0 R >> endobj 98 0 obj << /Length 99 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (24) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.0813 Tc 0.0813 Tw (Ncert, II,34 ) Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -22.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj -36 -14.25 TD 0 Tc 0.8749 Tw (Warnings about consequences of sexual activity move beyond pregnancy and disease to ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.009 Tc 0.1965 Tw (the loss of social \221protection) Tj 135.75 0 TD -0.044 Tc 0.194 Tw (\222 \(parental approval, the institution of marriage etc.\) ) Tj 258.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -394.5 -14.25 TD -0.0633 Tc 0.3758 Tw (\223Adolescents need to be convinced that certain social norms have innate protective ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0692 Tc 0.4153 Tw (qualities. Staying faithful to one partner, social acceptance for sex within marriage is ) Tj T* -0.082 Tc 0.6445 Tw (some of these.\224 YUVA, Vol) Tj 135 0 TD -0.0615 Tc 0.3115 Tw (, II, p. 77) Tj 45 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -180 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1042 Tc 0.5454 Tw (It is clear that the material seeks to promote social norms that are meant to perpetuate the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0785 Tc 0.3873 Tw (existing social order, based as it is on a range of inequities, including gender injustice. It ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1216 Tc 0.6216 Tw (is asserted however that the individual good is the sa) Tj 252.75 0 TD -0.1164 Tc 0.3977 Tw (me as the good of the family which ) Tj -252.75 -13.5 TD -0.0904 Tc 0.3529 Tw (in turn is the same as the good of society. The young person \(girl perhaps\) is also to learn ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0659 Tc 0.2802 Tw (that if they behave themselves and follow the rules, they will be rewarded with ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.06 Tc 0.06 Tw (protection. ) Tj 54.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -18.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj -36 -13.5 TD -0.0617 Tc 0.4367 Tw (There are several unstated, highl) Tj 156 0 TD -0.0219 Tc 0.129 Tw (y questionable assumptions in the above assertions. ) Tj 250.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -406.5 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.036 Tc (\250) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0503 Tc 0.3003 Tw (Sexual activity will always be unprotected and therefore lead to disease and/or ) Tj -18 -14.25 TD -0.1294 Tc 0 Tw (disease) Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -34.5 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.036 Tc (\250) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0829 Tc 0.2704 Tw (Sexual activity means only peno) Tj 155.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0414 Tc 0.1486 Tw (vaginal penetration between men and women which ) Tj -177.75 -14.25 TD -0.013 Tc 0.138 Tw (is why the prospect of pregnancy al) Tj 170.25 0 TD -0.1599 Tc 0.9099 Tw (ways looms large) Tj 84.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -255 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.036 Tc (\250) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0671 Tc 0.3349 Tw (Sexual advances by a boy towards a girl are always unwanted and not reciprocated. ) Tj -18 -14.25 TD -0.0318 Tc 0.1151 Tw (Girls are thereby passive recipients and boys the aggressors. ) Tj 291.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -291.75 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.036 Tc (\250) Tj 9 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0478 Tc 0.4228 Tw (Monogamous marriage is the only legitimate space for sex) Tj 281.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -263.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD ( ) Tj -39 -13.5 TD -0.0771 Tc 0.5057 Tw (Seeking to impose a host of rules i) Tj 165 0 TD -0.102 Tc 0.477 Tw (s part of a fear inducing approach. It is ) Tj 192.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -357.75 -14.25 TD -0.0486 Tc 0.5069 Tw (interesting to note that the only time that the material seeks to allay fears is in the context ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0058 Tc 1.7558 Tw (of boys\222 sexuality. The newer material in particular takes pains to reassure boys that ) Tj T* -0.0303 Tc 0.5928 Tw (masturbation and wet dreams ) Tj 146.25 0 TD -0.0652 Tc 1.0879 Tw (are not unnatural. While this is positive, the material falls ) Tj -146.25 -14.25 TD -0.0395 Tc 1.0574 Tw (short of addressing the social context which either invisibilizes or seeks to control girls\222 ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0947 Tc 1.6947 Tw (sexuality. Another gender differential can be seen in the engagement with the issue of ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0082 Tc 0.7418 Tw (child sexual) Tj 57 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.0695 Tc 0.9266 Tw (abuse which most often assumes that only girls are subjected to CSA. This, ) Tj -60.75 -13.5 TD -0.0743 Tc 1.6743 Tw (despite the findings of the Ministry of Women and Child survey on CSA, which show ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1875 Tc 0.1875 Tw (that ) Tj 20.25 0 TD 0.1373 0.1216 0.1255 rg -0.0513 Tc 0.3013 Tw (52.94% of the 12,447 survivors of CSA surveyed were boys.) Tj 292.5 0 TD 0 0 0 rg 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -312.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0315 Tc 0.2815 Tw (5. INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY NO) Tj 202.5 0 TD -0.0309 Tc 0.0309 Tw (T SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY) Tj 162.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -365.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0921 Tc 1.6992 Tw (Particularly in the newer material, the burden of existing realities is placed squarely on ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1066 Tc 0.4816 Tw (the individual herself. ) Tj 111 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -111 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0403 Tc 1.1433 Tw (Take the instance of violence. Girls are urged to deal with the violence by being brave ) Tj T* -0.0974 Tc 1.3474 Tw (and through self defence) Tj 120 0 TD 0 Tc 0.9544 Tw (. \223YUVA acknowledges that Delhi could be a more safer place ) Tj -120 -14.25 TD -0.0291 Tc 0.4633 Tw (for girls and women, and that it is upto them to protect themselves, so that they can say a ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0692 Tc 0.4442 Tw (firm no while required\224 \(p. xiii, Yuva, Vol I\)) Tj 216 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -216 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 99 0 obj 5887 endobj 97 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F4 47 0 R /F5 49 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 98 0 R >> endobj 102 0 obj << /Length 103 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (25) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.1263 Tc 0.5354 Tw (Madhya Pradesh text books go as far as to tell girls ) Tj 248.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -230.25 -13.5 TD -0.75 Tc (no) Tj 11.25 0 TD -0.1143 Tc 0.4893 Tw (t to go anywhere alone) Tj 110.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -121.5 -14.25 TD -0.0513 Tc 0.2388 Tw (not to wear provocative clothes) Tj 150.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -150.75 -13.5 TD -0.0928 Tc 0.4678 Tw (not to dry underwear outside) Tj 138 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -138 -14.25 TD -0.0737 Tc 0.3237 Tw (to stay away from drivers and maids) Tj 174.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 1 1 0 rg 108 637.5 181.5 13.5 re f BT 108 640.5 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.0765 Tc 0.3265 Tw (anu, can you please send exact quotes) Tj 181.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -178.5 -14.25 TD 1 0 0 rg /F4 12 Tf -0.27 Tc (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.1399 Tc 0.6592 Tw (^^fdlh futuZ LFkku ij vdsyh u tk,\241A vkids lkFk dksbZ ifjfpr vo\222; pkfg,A ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0565 Tc 0.4315 Tw (?kjokyksa dks lnk lwfpr dj) Tj 127.5 0 TD -0.021 Tc 0.021 Tw (ds tk,A**) Tj 47.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -192.75 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.27 Tc (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0641 Tc 0.3141 Tw (vkidh os\222kHkw"kk ,oa oL=] lkSE; gksus pkfg,A HkM+dhys o vax izn\222kuZ djus ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0232 Tc 0.3982 Tw (okys oL= ugha iguus pkfg,A) Tj 138 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -156 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.27 Tc (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.1026 Tc 0.5526 Tw (vkids vkUrfjd oL= \274czk vkSj isUVh\241\275 dHkh [kqys esa u lq[kk,\241A) Tj 321.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -342.75 -14.25 TD -0.0197 Tc 0.0197 Tw (pg.72.Kishoravastha Shiksha, SCERT, 2000.) Tj 216 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -216 -13.5 TD -0.1075 Tc 0.4825 Tw (^^?kj ds M\252k;ojksa o ukSdjks ls Hkh vf?kd ) Tj 209.25 0 TD -0.0583 Tc 0.4333 Tw (ckrphr u djsaA**) Tj 83.25 0 TD 0 0 0 rg 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -296.25 -14.25 TD 1 0 0 rg 0.0073 Tc 0.0865 Tw (pg. 83 Kishoravastha Shiksha mein Kaushal Vikas Samabandhi Prashikshan) Tj 366 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0492 Tc 0.0492 Tw (Rajya ) Tj -369 -13.5 TD -0.0317 Tc 0.0317 Tw (Shiksha Kendra, 2005) Tj 105.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0 Tc (06 ) Tj 15 0 TD ( ) Tj -125.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 18 -15 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.27 Tc (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0 Tw ( ) Tj -54 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.032 Tc 1.0633 Tw (Not only are girls held responsible for the violence, there is an absence of any practical ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.027 Tc 0.2145 Tw (information on what to do in a situation i) Tj 196.5 0 TD -0.1097 Tc 0.6097 Tw (n which violence occurs.) Tj 119.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -315.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0853 Tc 1.0853 Tw (It is not only in the context of violence that responsibility is placed on the individual. It ) Tj T* -0.0834 Tc 4.9584 Tw (is part of a discourse whereby there is a failure to establish the importance of) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.003 Tc 0.1845 Tw (accountability of systems that are meant to ensure acc) Tj 260.25 0 TD 0.0049 Tc 0.4951 Tw (ess to rights. Responsibility is once ) Tj -260.25 -13.5 TD -0.0114 Tc 0.3644 Tw (again placed on the individual, who is urged to change what s/he can and leave aside that ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0545 Tc 0.242 Tw (which is supposedly beyond her/his control. ) Tj 220.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -220.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0842 Tc 0.3842 Tw (In an exercise about why students might or might not be motivated at school, 24 ) Tj 387 0 TD 0.024 Tc -0.024 Tw (out of 39 ) Tj -387 -14.25 TD -0.073 Tc 0.5105 Tw (reasons were linked to students themselves. 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Thirdly) Tj 101.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD 0.0063 Tc 0.1603 Tw (the exercises are accompanied by detailed \221expected responses\222. ) Tj ET 102 651 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 651 0.75 13.5 re f BT 108 640.5 TD -0.0353 Tc 1.7853 Tw (While this is a commonly used tool to aid teachers and facilitators, in this context ) Tj ET 102 637.5 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 637.5 0.75 13.5 re f BT 108 627 TD -0.0258 Tc 1.6412 Tw (they become particularly problematic. The students are told to speak freely but are ) Tj ET 102 623.25 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 623.25 0.75 14.25 re f BT 108 612.75 TD 0.0193 Tc -0.0193 Tw (very soon subjected t) Tj 102 0 TD 0.014 Tc 0.361 Tw (o detailed \221expected responses\222 which also become a vehicle for ) Tj ET 102 609.75 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 609.75 0.75 13.5 re f BT 108 599.25 TD -0.0392 Tc 0.1642 Tw (the strengthening of existing social norms. ) Tj 207 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 102 594 0.75 0.75 re f 102 594 0.75 0.75 re f 102.75 594 424.5 0.75 re f 527.25 594 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 594 0.75 0.75 re f 102 594.75 0.75 15 re f 527.25 594.75 0.75 15 re f BT 90 583.5 TD ( ) Tj ET 1 1 0 rg 90 567 249 13.5 re f BT 90 570 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.0234 Tc 0.2377 Tw (Paromita, Can we other examples from west Bengal) Tj 249 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -252.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 18 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj -18 -13.5 TD -0.047 Tc 0.172 Tw (6.NO POSITIVE ASPECTS OF SEXUALITY ) Tj 231.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -231.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0271 Tc 0.9479 Tw (We saw above how there are innumerable rules that seek t) Tj 289.5 0 TD 0.0646 Tc 0.6854 Tw (o determine sexual behavior. ) Tj -289.5 -13.5 TD -0.115 Tc 2.515 Tw (There is however no positive articulation of sexuality. There is in most materials an ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0132 Tc 0.9243 Tw (acknowledgment that young people have sexual desires. However these are recognized ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0514 Tc 0.1348 Tw (only in order that they can be controlled. ) Tj 201 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -201 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0633 Tc 0.8133 Tw (The materi) Tj 51.75 0 TD -0.0673 Tc 0.484 Tw (als suggest many \221strategies\222 to use to deal with \221temptation\222.) Tj 295.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -347.25 -13.5 TD -0.0714 Tc 0.3393 Tw (\223They may experience physical responses such as rapid heartbeat and warmth in the sex ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0953 Tc 0.4703 Tw (organs. It is normal to experience these feelings and to have the desire to have a friend of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0316 Tc 0.3434 Tw (the other gen) Tj 62.25 0 TD -0.0877 Tc 0.4916 Tw (der. Again, the issue is \223What decisions will we make about these feelings. ) Tj -62.25 -14.25 TD -0.0462 Tc 0.1962 Tw (Tell them that cultural and social sensitivity is important. Is ) Tj 288.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -288.75 -13.5 TD -0.0976 Tc 4.1155 Tw (\223Tell the class that adolescents need to learn to regulate their sexual feeling in a) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0448 Tc 0.7948 Tw (friendship. Both girls and boy) Tj 145.5 0 TD -0.073 Tc 0.823 Tw (s can decide when to act on their sexual feelings and when ) Tj -145.5 -14.25 TD -0.0375 Tc 2.4483 Tw (not to.\224 Discuss how to handle sexual or romantic feelings without engaging in sex. ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0534 Tc 0.9284 Tw (Discuss alternative expressions for sexual energies for sexual energies, e.g. sports, clubs, ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.123 Tc 0.123 Tw (etc. ) Tj 20.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -20.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj ET 1 1 0 rg 90 276.75 129 14.25 re f BT 90 280.5 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.138 Tc 0.888 Tw (Giving flower) Tj 66.75 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.0762 Tc -0.0762 Tw (west bengal) Tj 57.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -129 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.06 Tc 0.285 Tw (Clearly only the ability to say no is being strengthened ) Tj 265.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -265.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0109 Tc 2.9891 Tw (Other than suggesting concrete strategies to control desire, the material also builds ) Tj T* -0.0373 Tc 1.0552 Tw (arguments against the expression of sexual desire. A strong link is made between desire ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.291 Tc 1.791 Tw (and viole) Tj 45 0 TD 0.0011 Tc 0.8489 Tw (nce. Adolescent sexuality is portrayed as one which can go out of control and ) Tj -45 -13.5 TD -0.0668 Tc 3.1204 Tw (spill over into abusive behavior. Other than being an argument which is offensive ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0887 Tc 1.9349 Tw (towards young people, it also goes against what feminists and the women\222s movement ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1467 Tc 0.5217 Tw (have long e) Tj 54.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (stablished ) Tj 51 0 TD (\226) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0422 Tc 0.2153 Tw (that sexual violence is about abuse of power and not desire. ) Tj 295.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -410.25 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0461 Tc 0.2961 Tw (Adolescents are not only abused, \221they themselves, given the opportunity, instead of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0349 Tc 0.1849 Tw (seeking proper methods to curb sexual desire , often commit abuse. Because they do not ) Tj ET 1 1 0 rg 373.5 97.5 17.25 13.5 re f BT 90 100.5 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.1812 Tc 0.1812 Tw (have p) Tj 31.5 0 TD -0.0416 Tc 0.2291 Tw (roper sexual knowledge they end up abusing others. ) Tj 252 0 TD 0.474 Tc 0 Tw (Ref) Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj 3 0 TD (165 ) Tj 21.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -325.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 106 0 obj 6451 endobj 104 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 101 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 105 0 R >> endobj 108 0 obj << /Length 109 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (27) Tj ET Q BT 90 709.5 TD -0.0895 Tc 0.4228 Tw (Even when such a direct link is not made, there is an elision, a seemless flowing from a ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0635 Tc 0.3635 Tw (point about sexual gratification to rape in the same sentence. ) Tj 294 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -294 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD ( ) Tj -3 -13.5 TD 0.0158 Tc -0.0158 Tw (\223Deviant behaviour... When they seek sex) Tj 201.75 0 TD -0.0525 Tc 0.2667 Tw (ual gratification at a purely physical level, ) Tj -201.75 -14.25 TD -0.0688 Tc 0.3688 Tw (when the inhuman acts of rape and sexual violence are reported and when young females ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0822 Tc 0.4572 Tw (become victims of eve teasing\224) Tj 150.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -150.75 -13.5 TD -0.0813 Tc (Ncert,II,33) Tj 52.5 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -52.5 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0509 Tc 0.0509 Tw (7.FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE DIVERSITY ) Tj 219 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -219 -13.5 TD -0.0474 Tc 1.7617 Tw (In failing to recognize the diversity that ex) Tj 213.75 0 TD -0.0801 Tc 1.7468 Tw (ists in the way people are, the material also ) Tj -213.75 -13.5 TD -0.0438 Tc 0.4188 Tw (reinforces ideas about \221how things are\222 and what is \221normal\222. The discourse is one which ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0461 Tc 1.1461 Tw (is essentializing. The non recognition of diversity goes hand in hand with pre selecting ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0792 Tc 2.5167 Tw (certain realities, and this se) Tj 138.75 0 TD -0.0802 Tc 2.3302 Tw (lection also reflects clear biases in favour of the powerful ) Tj -138.75 -14.25 TD -0.0503 Tc 0.0503 Tw (sections of society. ) Tj 94.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -94.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0473 Tc 0.3285 Tw (There is no recognition of diversity in terms of) Tj 225 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -225 -14.25 TD 0.0606 Tc -0.0606 Tw (Urban rural) Tj 55.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -55.5 -13.5 TD -0.012 Tc 0.387 Tw (The normal body) Tj 82.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -82.5 -14.25 TD 0.0456 Tc -0.0456 Tw (Gender diversity) Tj 80.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -80.25 -13.5 TD -0.0751 Tc 0.8251 Tw (Intimate relationships) Tj 104.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -104.25 -13.5 TD -0.0568 Tc 0.0568 Tw (Sexual desires) Tj 69 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -69 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.3 Tc (URBAN) Tj 41.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD 0.1164 Tc (RURAL) Tj 41.25 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -87 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1612 Tc 2.0362 Tw (The newer material in part) Tj 132 0 TD -0.1172 Tc 1.7326 Tw (icular assumes that the reader is urban and well off. This is ) Tj -132 -13.5 TD -0.1262 Tc 0.5548 Tw (clear in the nature of examples given. ) Tj 183 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -147 -14.25 TD -0.0481 Tc 4.7981 Tw (\223The unhealthy sleeping patterns that many students follow are: Watching) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1109 Tc 0.7359 Tw (TV/playing video games for long hours\224, chatting with friends from hours at nigh) Tj 392.25 0 TD 0.414 Tc 0.336 Tw (t ) Tj -392.25 -14.25 TD -0.0622 Tc 3.5872 Tw (on telephone/internet, the materials have taken an upper class, urban stand.\224) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD /F1 12 Tf -0.1911 Tc 0.7536 Tw (Yuva, Vol I, p. 7.) Tj 87 0 TD 1 0 0 rg 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -87 -13.5 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf ( ) Tj ET 1 1 0 rg 90 264.75 136.5 13.5 re f BT 90 267.75 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.071 Tc 0.2585 Tw (paromita can you please add) Tj 136.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -136.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 6 0 TD ( ) Tj -6 -14.25 TD -0.0708 Tc 0.0708 Tw (THE \221NORMAL\222 BODY ) Tj 126.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -105 -13.5 TD -0.0173 Tc 0.2481 Tw (There are repeated references to \221normal\222 changes that the adolescent can expect will ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0195 Tc 0.957 Tw (take place in the bo) Tj 96.75 0 TD 0.0055 Tc 0.932 Tw (dy. While the intention might be to reassure the adolescent at a ) Tj -96.75 -14.25 TD -0.1153 Tc 0.9591 Tw (time when bodily and other changes might create some anxiety, there is a need to be ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0185 Tc 0.956 Tw (careful because one is, in the process, creating ideas about what is \221normal\222. If the ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1066 Tc 7.6066 Tw (changes do not confo) Tj 123.75 0 TD -0.0872 Tc 7.9205 Tw (rm to this idea of what is \221normal\222, then those) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -123.75 -13.5 TD -0.0087 Tc 0.2587 Tw (changes/characteristics get categorized as \221abnormal\222 with the anxieties, stigma and ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0536 Tc 0.3536 Tw (discrimination that accompanies \221abnormality\222. ) Tj 233.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -233.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1131 Tc 1.1515 Tw (It is also critical to remember that the diversity that exists in life ) Tj 318 0 TD 0.0071 Tc 0.4929 Tw (cannot be captured ) Tj -318 -14.25 TD -0.027 Tc 0.1208 Tw (by these categories, which are often water tight binaries.) Tj 270.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -270.75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 109 0 obj 5076 endobj 107 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 101 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 108 0 R >> endobj 111 0 obj << /Length 112 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (28) Tj ET Q BT 111.75 709.5 TD -0.0699 Tc 0.3981 Tw (Take the example of \221normal\222 changes that are meant to take place for boys and girls. ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0244 Tc 0.1962 Tw (There are two kinds of problems here. One is that there are many who are born male ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0369 Tc 4.4631 Tw (and iden) Tj 44.25 0 TD -0.0548 Tc 4.0298 Tw (tify as male, but have physical characteristics that are not considered) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -44.25 -13.5 TD -0.0585 Tc 0.9849 Tw (\221normal\222 for boys such as the growth of breasts. Similarly for girls. There are also ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0783 Tc 4.0591 Tw (inter sexed young people who have both sexual organs, or one which is less) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD 0.0012 Tc 0.7488 Tw (developed than \221normal) Tj 114.75 0 TD -0.0533 Tc 0.9533 Tw (\222, who are entirely absent from the two biological categories ) Tj -114.75 -13.5 TD -0.0868 Tc 0.3368 Tw (of \221boy\222 and \221girl\222.) Tj 90 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -90 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0954 Tc 1.1217 Tw (The other idea about the normal body is that it is an able body. Some of the newer ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0521 Tc 1.6675 Tw (material does acknowledge the existence of people with disabilities, but not in the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1035 Tc 0 Tw (cont) Tj 20.25 0 TD -0.0828 Tc 3.3713 Tw (ext of sexuality. Even in the manner that disability itself is represented is) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -20.25 -13.5 TD -0.0327 Tc 3.2577 Tw (problematic. Those with disabilities are expected to perform with excellence as) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0508 Tc 0.3008 Tw (though to \221compensate\222 for their disability. ) Tj 209.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -159 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj -72 -15.75 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.1071 Tc 0.5238 Tw (\223Anita is a seventeen year old girl who uses crut) Tj 231.75 0 TD -0.0647 Tc 0.279 Tw (ches and belongs to a middle class ) Tj ET 84 525.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 525.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 525.75 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 525.75 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 525.75 0.75 0.75 re f 84 511.5 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 511.5 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 501 TD -0.0846 Tc 0.3346 Tw (family.... she is very popular and is ever smiling. In her spare time she teaches a no. of ) Tj ET 84 498 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 498 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 487.5 TD -0.0878 Tc 0.5164 Tw (neighborhood children. In the weekends, she can be seen going with her friends, walking ) Tj ET 84 483.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 483.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 473.25 TD -0.0944 Tc 0.3757 Tw (slowly a calmly on her crutches to the nea) Tj 201.75 0 TD -0.0843 Tc 0.5129 Tw (rby government centre to teach computers to ) Tj ET 84 470.25 0.75 13.5 re f 527.25 470.25 0.75 13.5 re f BT 90 459.75 TD -0.0649 Tc 0.3649 Tw (children. ...Se does not get bothered about the crutches and is quite popular with adults ) Tj ET 84 456 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 456 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 445.5 TD -0.0454 Tc 0.1391 Tw (and children alike\224 \(p. 119, Yuva Vol 1\). ) Tj 200.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 84 441 0.75 0.75 re f 84 441 0.75 0.75 re f 84.75 441 442.5 0.75 re f 527.25 441 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 441 0.75 0.75 re f 84 441.75 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 441.75 0.75 14.25 re f BT 90 430.5 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0656 Tc -0.3094 Tw (GENDER DIVERSITY ) Tj 117.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -117.75 -14.25 TD -0.0973 Tc 4.9307 Tw (The diversity of gender is such that merely \221boy\222/\222girl\222 or) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 322.5 0 TD -0.0566 Tc 4.9316 Tw (\221man/woman\222 do not) Tj 0 Tc 0.75 Tw ( ) Tj -322.5 -13.5 TD -0 Tc 3.3128 Tw (adequately capture people\222s realities. The material works only within this binary) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD 0.0206 Tc 0.2 Tw (framework. We know that there are those who are born female but who don\222t identify as ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0706 Tc 0.9569 Tw (girls/women, those who are born as male but don\222t identify as boys) Tj 328.5 0 TD -0.0275 Tc 0.7775 Tw (/men. There are also ) Tj -328.5 -13.5 TD -0.0507 Tc 1.3007 Tw (those who might identify as hijra. Or others who might not want to identify themselves ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1323 Tc 0.7669 Tw (with any gender. There is no space for these realities in the material) Tj 327 0 TD 1 0 0 rg 0 Tc 0 Tw (. ) Tj 6.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -333.75 -13.5 TD -0.0645 Tc 0.2312 Tw (Don\222t know where to place this. Please use where relevant) Tj 280.5 0 TD 0 0 0 rg 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -280.5 -14.25 TD 1 0 0 rg 0.0664 Tc 2.9336 Tw (In Kishoravasth) Tj 78.75 0 TD 0.0183 Tc 2.9817 Tw (a Shiksha whilst describing the female reproductive system and the ) Tj -78.75 -13.5 TD -0.0424 Tc 2.4655 Tw (hymen \221virginity\222 has been mystified even further. An irrelevant question raised is\223 ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1129 Tc 2.4952 Tw (What is the meant by a \221kunwari\222 girl?\222 The answer to this question is an elaborate ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0413 Tc 3.4162 Tw (description of hym) Tj 96.75 0 TD -0.0126 Tc 3.3459 Tw (en rupture during intercourse. There is only one sentence which) Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -96.75 -13.5 TD -0.0725 Tc 0.8802 Tw (mentions that hymen rupture can take place also during masturbation, surgery or through ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1063 Tc 2.3122 Tw (an injury. A similar topic has been suggested for a debate, \221Should a girl be a virgin ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.1013 Tc 2.3512 Tw (before marriage?\222) Tj 86.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0763 Tc 1.7263 Tw (However in Jeevan Ke liye shiksha and Kishoravastha Shiksha mein ) Tj -90.75 -13.5 TD -0.0075 Tc 2.195 Tw (Kaushal Vikas Samabandhi Prashikshan the opposite approach has been used and an ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0915 Tc 0.5915 Tw (attempt has been made to demystify virginity.) Tj 220.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -220.5 -13.5 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.0666 Tc 0.8166 Tw (INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS) Tj 153.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -153.75 -14.25 TD -0.0727 Tc 0.287 Tw (The assumptions made and asserted in the ) Tj 204.75 0 TD -0.0728 Tc 0.4478 Tw (material about intimate relationships is that ) Tj 210.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -397.5 -15.75 TD /F8 12 Tf 0.246 Tc (-) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.1165 Tc 0.5665 Tw (everyone has to get married. ) Tj 139.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -157.5 -13.5 TD -0.0564 Tc 0.1927 Tw (The one exception to this was a section of the NCERT material.) Tj 306.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 1 1 0 rg 108 121.5 55.5 14.25 re f 167.25 121.5 246.75 14.25 re f BT 108 125.25 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.0816 Tc 0.0816 Tw (Ncert quote) Tj 55.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.75 0 TD -0.102 Tc 0.477 Tw (which says that marriage is not the only goal of life) Tj 246.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -306 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.1883 Tc 0.9383 Tw (marriage is for life.) Tj 92.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -99.75 -13.5 TD -0.2075 Tc 2.27 Tw (Divorce is either not ment) Tj 130.5 0 TD -0.1271 Tc 1.9156 Tw (ioned at all or when it is, divorce is likened to the worst ) Tj -130.5 -14.25 TD -0.0383 Tc 0.0383 Tw (kind of eventuality possible. ) Tj 138.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 112 0 obj 7290 endobj 110 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 101 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F5 49 0 R /F8 68 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 111 0 R >> endobj 114 0 obj << /Length 115 0 R >> stream BT 90 39 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 510 36 12 13.5 re h W n BT 510 39 TD (29) Tj ET Q 1 1 0 rg 108 706.5 354 13.5 re f BT 108 709.5 TD 0 0 0 rg -0.0522 Tc 0.2397 Tw (Paromita can you please add the example about divorce being like suicide ) Tj 357.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -354 -13.5 TD -0.246 Tc (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0647 Tc 0.2147 Tw (monogamy is assumed and asserted ) Tj 174 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -182.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD ( ) Tj -21 -13.5 TD -0.069 Tc 0.819 Tw (SEXUAL DESIRE) Tj 92.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -92.25 -14.25 TD -0.1366 Tc 1.8866 Tw (As mentioned above there is an assumptio) Tj 210 0 TD -0.1311 Tc 1.8811 Tw (n made in the material that sexual activity is ) Tj -210 -13.5 TD -0.081 Tc 1.581 Tw (reduced to sexual reproduction. In terms of desire too the material portrays a world in ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0555 Tc 0.243 Tw (which there is only one kind of desire ) Tj 183.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.75 0 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0474 Tc 0.4224 Tw (that between men and women. It is also assumed ) Tj -193.5 -14.25 TD -0.0115 Tc 1.3615 Tw (that \221who one desires\222 remains ) Tj 159 0 TD -0.0489 Tc 1.8489 Tw (unchanged through out life. If a woman is attracted to ) Tj -159 -13.5 TD -0.0337 Tc 2.3774 Tw (men, she will always only be attracted to men. This constitutes a failure to capture ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0271 Tc 0.0271 Tw (realities as they exist. ) Tj 109.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -91.5 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj -18 -13.5 TD -0.0775 Tc 2.7025 Tw (The term homosexuality is one that is not entirely ignored. There were one or two ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.3495 Tc 0 Tw (refe) Tj 18 0 TD -0.0649 Tc 1.2435 Tw (rences made in almost all the materials reviewed. However what was more striking ) Tj -18 -13.5 TD -0.0728 Tc 0.9728 Tw (was the need to repeatedly say \221attraction to opposite sex\222, rather than just \221attraction\222 in ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.1054 Tc 0.4804 Tw (different ways. ) Tj 75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -75 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 3 0 TD ( ) Tj -3 -13.5 TD -0.0762 Tc 0.4095 Tw (\223Infatuation/Crush: when a young person likes or idolizes a p) Tj 294.75 0 TD -0.0324 Tc -0.1176 Tw (erson of opposite sex of ) Tj -294.75 -14.25 TD -0.0268 Tc 0.0268 Tw (different status) Tj 71.25 0 TD -0.246 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.5 0 TD -0.0563 Tc 0.3063 Tw (money, power, education, age.) Tj 147 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -222.75 -13.5 TD -0.0421 Tc 0.2564 Tw (Romance: is when one likes a person of opposite sex....\224 \(p. 150. Yuva Vol. 1\)) Tj 377.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -377.25 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0592 Tc 0.3476 Tw (\223the mutual attraction between boys and girls is, therefore, a completely normal and ) Tj T* -0.0267 Tc 0.0267 Tw (universal behaviour) Tj 94.5 0 TD -0.0797 Tc 0.4887 Tw (.\224, \223sudden development of their interest in members of the opposite ) Tj -94.5 -14.25 TD -0.081 Tc 0 Tw (sex\224) Tj 21 0 TD 0 Tc ( ) Tj -21 -13.5 TD -0.0648 Tc 0.0648 Tw (Ncert, I, 5. ) Tj 54.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -36.75 -14.25 TD ( ) Tj 0 -15 TD -0.1214 Tc 2.5214 Tw (Except for the life style material of West Bengal, the other materials do not each ) Tj ET 102 374.25 0.75 0.75 re f 102 374.25 0.75 0.75 re f 102.75 374.25 424.5 0.75 re f 527.25 374.25 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 374.25 0.75 0.75 re f 102 360 0.75 14.25 re f 527.25 360 0.75 14.25 re f BT 108 349.5 TD -0.0743 Tc 0.339 Tw (make a mention of the existence of sex workers, not even in terms of HIV/AIDs. ) Tj 396.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj ET 102 344.25 0.75 0.75 re f 102 344.25 0.75 0.75 re f 102.75 344.25 424.5 0.75 re f 527.25 344.25 0.75 0.75 re f 527.25 344.25 0.75 0.75 re f 102 345 0.75 15 re f 527.25 345 0.75 15 re f BT 108 333.75 TD 1 0 0 rg 0.246 Tc (Pl) Tj 9 0 TD -0.1167 Tc 0.7167 Tw (ease fit in appropriate place if you want to include it.) Tj 255 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -264 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.27 Tc (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0582 Tc 0.3082 Tw (There is minimal discussion on contraception for safe sex and teachers are ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0275 Tc 0.1525 Tw (advised to limit any discussion on the condom. Where contraceptive pills are ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0957 Tc 0.429 Tw (mentioned it is again to evoke fear as their li) Tj 213 0 TD -0.0248 Tc 0.1748 Tw (mitations are elaborated upon rather ) Tj -213 -14.25 TD -0.1303 Tc 0.3803 Tw (than their uses. ) Tj 75 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -111 -13.5 TD ( ) Tj 18 -14.25 TD /F4 12 Tf -0.27 Tc (\267) Tj 5.25 0 TD /F5 12 Tf 0 Tc -0.336 Tw ( ) Tj 12.75 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.0425 Tc 0.247 Tw (Fortunately masturbation and wet dreams have been described as being normal ) Tj 0 -14.25 TD -0.0703 Tc 0.3587 Tw (and adolescent have been advised not to feel guilty about them. However the ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0669 Tc 0.4419 Tw (discussion on masturbation seems gender biased. ) Tj 238.5 0 TD -0.1125 Tc 0.6125 Tw (Though masturbation is ) Tj -238.5 -14.25 TD -0.075 Tc 0.3964 Tw (considered as a normal method for sexual gratification for both boys and girls, a ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0725 Tc 0.394 Tw (detailed description about the technique is given only for boys and there is no ) Tj T* -0.0541 Tc 0.5041 Tw (such description for girls. Thus indirectly reinforcing the myth that g) Tj 330.75 0 TD -0.2413 Tc 0.4913 Tw (irls do not ) Tj -330.75 -14.25 TD -0.0878 Tc 0.3762 Tw (possess any sexuality and even if they do they must ignore it. ) Tj 300 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -318 -13.5 TD 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj -18 -14.25 TD -0.0398 Tc 0.4148 Tw (8. INADEQUATE ENGAGEMENT WITH GENDER) Tj 262.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( ) Tj -262.5 -13.5 TD -0.0295 Tc 0.318 Tw (We have already seen how the material constructs ideas about gender through sexuality ) Tj 425.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.75 0 TD ( ) Tj -432 -13.5 TD -0.0136 Tc 0.2011 Tw (for example of girls as passive recipients of unwante) Tj 253.5 0 TD -0.0393 Tc 0.5081 Tw (d attention from boys. We have also ) Tj -253.5 -14.25 TD -0.0898 Tc 0.9335 Tw (seen how the reality of the varied expressions of gender, other than the two categories of ) Tj 0 -13.5 TD -0.0745 Tc 1.7829 Tw (boy and girl are ignored by the material. 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